Jurisprudence MCQ Quiz in मराठी - Objective Question with Answer for Jurisprudence - मोफत PDF डाउनलोड करा

The correct answer is T.H. Marshall

Key Points

• T.H. Marshall is famous for his influential essay on citizenship and social class (1950).
• He defined citizenship as a status involving full and equal membership in a political community.
• Marshall outlined three dimensions of citizenship: civil, political, and social rights, emphasizing equality and inclusion.
• His work shaped modern understanding of citizenship in democratic societies.

Additional Information

• Option 1. Derek Heater: Known for work on citizenship but did not coin this definition.
• Option 3. Will Kymlicka: A contemporary political philosopher focusing on multicultural citizenship.
• Option 4. Iris Young: Focused on justice, inclusion, and democratic theory, but not this specific definition.

The correct answer is Johann Gottlieb Fichte

Key Points

• Johann Gottlieb Fichte was a German philosopher known for his ideas on nationalism, freedom, and self-governance.
• He emphasized that liberty in a democracy requires educating citizens to be self-governing and responsible.
• This statement reflects his belief that freedom is not just a right but an art that must be learned and practiced by the people.

Additional Information

• Option 1. Bertrand Russell: Philosopher and logician, but not associated with this specific statement on democracy and liberty.
• Option 2. Aldous Huxley: Known for his literary works, especially Brave New World, not this political philosophy statement.
• Option 4. David Held: Modern political theorist focused on democracy and globalization, but did not make this statement.

The correct answer is 

Key Points

• Statement I: Jeremy Bentham, the founder of utilitarianism, ridiculed natural rights as a pernicious fiction: Correct
  • Jeremy Bentham, a key figure in utilitarianism, criticized the idea of natural rights as "nonsense upon stilts."
  • He believed that rights must be created and protected by law, not assumed as inherent or natural.
  • For Bentham, utility (maximizing happiness) was the only valid basis for laws and rights.
• Statement II: Human rights are believed to have been derived from the idea of natural law: Correct
  • The concept of human rights has roots in natural law theory, which claims that certain rights are inherent by virtue of human nature.
  • Philosophers like John Locke argued that individuals have natural rights to life, liberty, and property.
  • These ideas strongly influenced modern human rights frameworks, including documents like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948).

Additional Information

• Option 2. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect: Incorrect – both accurately reflect well-established philosophical positions.
• Option 3. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect: Incorrect – human rights do derive historically from natural law concepts.
• Option 4. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct: Incorrect – Bentham did indeed criticize natural rights as fiction.

The correct answer is Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

Key Points

• Statement I: Liberal feminists argue for laws that give women formal equality of opportunity and freedom from discrimination.
  • Liberal feminism focuses on individual rights and equal legal status for women.
  • It advocates for reforms within the existing legal and political system.
  • Seeks formal equality, such as equal pay, anti-discrimination laws, voting rights, and educational access.
  • Key objective: Remove legal barriers that prevent women from having the same opportunities as men.
• Statement II: For radical feminists, the prevalence of violence against women is part and parcel of sex-inequality.
  • Radical feminism sees patriarchy as a deeply rooted system of male dominance.
  • Argues that violence against women (like domestic abuse, sexual violence) is not isolated but structural and systemic.
  • Believes that male control over women’s bodies is central to gender inequality.
  • Advocates for transforming society at a fundamental level, not just legal reform.

Additional Information

• Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect: Wrong – both statements accurately represent core ideas of liberal and radical feminism.
• Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect: Wrong – radical feminists do link violence directly with systemic gender inequality.
• Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct: Wrong – liberal feminism does support legal equality and anti-discrimination measures.

The correct answer is Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

Key Points

• Thin multiculturalism views some cultural differences as occurring between liberals and non-liberals." is Correct
• Thin multiculturalism acknowledges cultural diversity within a liberal framework.
• It recognizes that some groups may not share liberal values, i.e., they could be non-liberal, and this creates tensions.
• It often seeks to tolerate or accommodate differences only as far as they do not challenge core liberal principles.

Additional Information

• Thick multiculturalism goes further than thin multiculturalism.
• It argues that not all cultures share liberal values, and true multiculturalism must involve engaging with and respecting deep differences — even those that challenge liberalism.
• So, thick multiculturalism does not assume agreement on liberal values.

The correct answer is Tocqueville

Key Points 

• Alexis de Tocqueville, a 19th-century French political thinker, coined the phrase "tyranny of the majority" in his classic work Democracy in America (1835).
• He observed that in democratic societies, majority opinion could suppress minority rights, leading to a form of oppression.
• Tocqueville warned that when majority views dominate without checks, it could lead to conformity and the erosion of individual freedoms.
• His concern was not with democracy itself, but with its potential to silence dissent and override justice in the name of majority will.

Additional Information

• Option 2. David Held: Known for his work on models of democracy, but did not coin or focus on "tyranny of the majority".
• Option 3. Jürgen Habermas: Emphasized deliberative democracy and communicative action, not the tyranny of the majority.
• Option 4. Carole Pateman: Known for participatory democracy theory, not associated with this concept.

The correct answer is Rousseau

Key Points

• John Locke wrote "A Letter Concerning Toleration" (also referred to as Essay on Toleration) in 1689.
• In it, he argued for religious tolerance and the separation of church and state.
• He believed that civil government should not interfere with individuals' religious beliefs unless they threaten public order.
• This work laid a foundational argument for liberal thought and freedom of conscience.

Additional Information

• Option 1. Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Wrote The Social Contract, not focused on toleration in the same sense.
• Option 3. J.S. Mill: Wrote On Liberty, which discusses liberty broadly, not specifically an essay on toleration.
• Option 4. Immanuel Kant: Known for Critique of Pure Reason and moral philosophy, not the author of this essay.

The correct asnwer is Cohen

Key Points

• G.A. Cohen
  • Cohen is a key proponent of Luck Egalitarianism.
  • He argued that inequalities in wealth or opportunity should only be tolerated if they result from individual choices, not unchosen circumstances (like social class or talents).
  • He critiqued Rawls for allowing some inequalities based on the Difference Principle, claiming that Rawls did not eliminate the role of brute luck fully.
  • His theory emphasizes the moral irrelevance of unchosen disadvantages.
• Ronald Dworkin:
  • Dworkin developed the concept of "equality of resources", which laid the foundation for luck egalitarian thinking.
  • He introduced the idea of a hypothetical insurance market, where individuals choose insurance against being born with lesser abilities.
  • His view seeks to neutralize the effects of brute luck, ensuring that inequalities result from personal responsibility.

Additional Information

• John Rawls: Focused on "justice as fairness" and the Difference Principle, not considered a luck egalitarian.
• Robert Nozick: Advocated libertarianism and minimal state; rejected redistribution, making him opposed to luck egalitarian views.

The correct answer is Stephen

Key Points

• Sir James Fitzjames Stephen:
  • A prominent 19th-century British jurist and legal historian.
  • He defined crime as:
    • “A crime is a wrong which is both forbidden by law and revolting to the moral sentiments of the society.”
• Essence of the Definition:
  • Combines legal prohibition and moral condemnation.
  • Highlights that a crime is not just a breach of law, but also a violation of society's ethical values.
• Philosophy Behind the Definition:
  • Reflects the idea that law should align with societal conscience, and legal wrongs often stem from moral wrongs.

Additional Information

• Blackstone: Defined crimes as public wrongs affecting the whole community.
• Pound: Focused on sociological jurisprudence and balancing interests.
• Austin: Gave a command theory of law, defining law as a command by a sovereign backed by sanctions, not focusing on morality.

The correct answer is Lord Coleridge

Key Points

• The statement “To preserve one’s life is generally speaking a duty, but it may be the highest duty to sacrifice it too” was made by Lord Coleridge in the famous Queen v. Dudley and Stephens case.
• This case is a landmark in criminal law dealing with necessity as a defense for murder (cannibalism at sea).

Additional Information

• Lord Acton: Known for the quote “Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely,” not related to this case.
• Lord Pollock: A prominent jurist but not associated with this statement.
• Lord Denman: Former Lord Chief Justice but not the speaker of this quote in the case.