Vitamins MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Vitamins - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is night blindness.

Key Points

• Night blindness, scientifically known as nyctalopia, is primarily caused by a deficiency of Vitamin A.
• Vitamin A is essential for the production of rhodopsin, a pigment in the retina that helps the eyes adapt to low-light conditions.
• This deficiency can lead to difficulty seeing in dim light or darkness, a hallmark symptom of night blindness.
• Vitamin A-rich foods such as carrots, spinach, sweet potatoes, and fish can help prevent night blindness.
• If untreated, severe Vitamin A deficiency may lead to more serious eye conditions, including xerophthalmia and corneal ulcers.

Additional Information

• Vitamin A: It is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for vision, immune function, reproduction, and cellular communication.
• Xerophthalmia: A severe form of Vitamin A deficiency that causes dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea, potentially leading to blindness.
• Rhodopsin: A light-sensitive protein found in the rod cells of the retina, crucial for vision in low-light conditions.
• Sources of Vitamin A: Rich dietary sources include liver, dairy products, eggs, and plant-based sources like carrots, sweet potatoes, and leafy greens.
• Global Concern: Vitamin A deficiency is a public health issue in many developing countries, particularly affecting children and pregnant women.

The Correct answer is To remove dirt and harmful microbes.

Key Points

• Fruits and vegetables often carry dirt, pesticides, and harmful microbes such as bacteria and viruses on their surfaces.
• Washing them helps in removing these contaminants, ensuring they are safe to consume.
• Harmful microbes like Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella, and Listeria can cause foodborne illnesses if not removed before eating.
• Proper washing can also eliminate chemical residues from pesticides and fertilizers used during farming.
• Rinsing under running water is effective in dislodging dirt and microbes from the surface of fruits and vegetables.
• In some cases, using a vegetable brush can help clean tougher surfaces like potatoes or carrots.
• Washing fruits and vegetables is especially important if they are to be consumed raw, as cooking usually kills harmful microbes.

Additional Information

Vitamins can be divided into two categories:  

Fat-Soluble vitamins

• Fat-soluble vitamins are soluble in fats.
• They are absorbed by fat globules that travel through the small intestines and into the general blood circulation within the body.
• Unlike water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body when they are not in use.
• Vitamin A, D, E K are fat-soluble.

Water-soluble vitamins

• Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water, which means these vitamins and nutrients dissolve quickly in the body.
• Unlike fat-soluble vitamins, water-soluble vitamins are carried to the body’s tissues, but the body cannot store them.
• Any excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins simply pass through the body
• Vitamin B and Vitamin C are water-soluble.

The correct answer is Thiamin

Concept:

Vitamins are organic compounds required in the diet in small quantities to perform biological functions.

Classification of Vitamins:

• Fat-soluble vitamins: These are absorbed in dietary fats and stored in adipose tissues and the liver. These include vitamins A, D, E, and K.
• Water-soluble vitamins are dissolved in water and readily excreted by the kidneys, requiring regular supplements. These include vitamin C and B complex vitamins.

Explanation:

• Vitamin B1, also known as Thiamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a critical role in energy metabolism and the functioning of the nervous system.
• It is involved in the conversion of carbohydrates into energy by acting as a coenzyme in the metabolism of glucose.
• The body cannot store thiamin in large amounts, so it needs to be consumed regularly through diet or supplements.
• Deficiency in thiamin can lead to conditions such as beriberi (affecting the cardiovascular and nervous systems) and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (commonly seen in alcoholics).
• Good sources of Vitamin B1 include whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, and meat (especially pork).

Explanation of Other Options:

• Riboflavin: Riboflavin is Vitamin B2. It helps in energy production, maintains healthy skin and eyes, and supports the nervous system. It is also involved in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.
• Retinol: Retinol is Vitamin A, which is crucial for vision, immune function, and skin health.
• Tocopherol: Tocopherol is Vitamin E. It acts as an antioxidant and helps protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. It also plays a role in immune function and skin health.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Vitamin C.

Concept:

• Vitamins are organic substances that we need in sufficient quantities to maintain good health.
• Our body, however, cannot synthesize them. Therefore, we need to consume natural sources such as fruits and vegetables.
• Vitamins are divided into two groups– water-soluble vitamins (Vitamins of B group and Vitamin C) and fat-soluble vitamins (Vitamins A, D, E, and K).

Explanation:

• Vitamin C is the vitamin that is destroyed by heat during cooking.
• When we boil something that contains vitamin C, it reduces its content more than any other method of cooking.
• Broccoli, spinach, and lettuce, for example, lose up to or more than 50% of their vitamin C when they are cooked.
• Water-soluble vitamins are also temperature-sensitive vitamins.
• When the temperature drops below 86°F, vitamin C begins to denature.
• Vitamin C is primarily found in oranges, strawberries, tomatoes, broccoli, and green peppers, among other fruits and vegetables.
• When vitamin C is exposed to air, it is easily destroyed, which is what happens when food is overheated.
• When fat-soluble vitamins are heated or exposed to air, they are not destroyed.

The correct answer is Option 2. 

Key Points

•  Vitamin B3, also known as niacin or nicotinic acid, is one of the eight B vitamins. It plays a crucial role in the proper functioning of the body and is involved in various metabolic processes.
• Here are some key points about vitamin B3:
  • Function: Niacin is essential for the conversion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into energy.
  • Sources: Niacin can be obtained from both animal and plant sources. 
  • Forms: Niacin exists in two forms: nicotinic acid and niacinamide (nicotinamide).
  • Deficiency: Severe niacin deficiency leads to a condition known as pellagra. 
  • Recommended Daily Intake: The recommended daily intake of niacin varies depending on age, sex, and life stage. 

Additional Information

• Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, is one of the eight B-vitamins that play essential roles in maintaining the proper functioning of our bodies
• Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is one of the water-soluble vitamins belonging to the B-complex group. It plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and is involved in various metabolic processes in the body.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e 8.

• B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins.
• Vitamin B refers to several different types of vitamins that, together, are known as the B-complex vitamins.
• ​The commonly used Vitamin B Complex is constituted of 8 vitamins.
  • Thiamin (vitamin B-1)
  • Riboflavin (vitamin B-2)
  • Niacin (vitamin B-3)
  • Pantothenic acid (vitamin B-5)
  • Vitamin B-6
  • Biotin (vitamin B-7)
  • Folate (vitamin B-9)
  • Vitamin B-12

 Additional Information

Vitamin B Complex refers to a group of water-soluble vitamins that are essential for various metabolic processes in the body. The term "Vitamin B Complex" typically includes eight B vitamins:

Thiamine (Vitamin B1):

• Thiamine plays a key role in energy metabolism, particularly in the metabolism of carbohydrates.
• It is essential for the functioning of nerve cells and is involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters.

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2):

• Riboflavin is involved in energy production, particularly in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration.
• It is essential for the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.
• Riboflavin is also important for maintaining healthy skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.

Niacin (Vitamin B3):

• Niacin is essential for energy metabolism, particularly in the form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP).
• It plays a role in DNA repair, cell signaling, and the functioning of the nervous system.
• Niacin is also used therapeutically to lower cholesterol levels.

Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5):

• Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A (CoA), which is involved in numerous metabolic pathways, including the synthesis of fatty acids and the citric acid cycle.
• It plays a role in energy metabolism and the synthesis of hormones and neurotransmitters.

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6):

• Pyridoxine is involved in amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and the synthesis of heme (a component of hemoglobin).
• It is essential for the functioning of over 100 enzymes involved in various metabolic processes.

Biotin (Vitamin B7):

• Biotin is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids.
• It serves as a cofactor for enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid metabolism.

Folate (Vitamin B9):

• Folate is essential for DNA synthesis and cell division.
• It is particularly important during periods of rapid cell growth, such as during pregnancy and infancy.
• Folate deficiency can lead to neural tube defects in developing fetuses.

Cobalamin (Vitamin B12):

• Cobalamin is involved in DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and the functioning of the nervous system.
• It is required for the conversion of homocysteine to methionine and for the synthesis of myelin, a protective sheath around nerve fibers.

These eight B vitamins are commonly included together in Vitamin B Complex supplements because they work synergistically to support various aspects of health, including energy metabolism, nervous system function, and the synthesis of essential molecules in the body.

The correct answer is Vitamin D.

Key Points

• Vitamin D is a hormone produced by the kidneys.
• The liver and kidneys convert vitamin D into the active hormone, which is called calcitriol.
• It primarily helps in controlling the concentration of calcium in the blood.
• It is also vital for the development of strong bones.

Additional Information

The correct answer is delayed clotting of blood.

Key Points

• Vitamin K deficiency in our body leads to delayed clotting of blood.
• It plays a key role in helping the blood clot and preventing excessive bleeding.
• Unlike many other vitamins, vitamin K is not typically used as a dietary supplement.
• Vitamin K is actually a group of compounds.
• The most important of these compounds appears to be vitamin K1 and vitamin K2. Vitamin K1 is obtained from leafy greens and some other vegetables.
• Vitamin K2 is a group of compounds largely obtained from meats, cheeses, and eggs, and synthesized by bacteria.
• Low levels of vitamin K can raise the risk of uncontrolled bleeding.

Additional Information

The correct answer is E.

Key Points

• Vitamin E is tocopherol.
• Vitamin E represents a group of compounds that contain both tocopherol and tocotrienol.
  • It is good for the immune system and it fights toxins.
  • It is a fat-soluble vitamin.
  • It is a very powerful antioxidant.
  • Weak muscles and fertility problems are signs of deficiency of vitamin E.
  • Its deficiency also causes hair damage and skin problems.

Important Points

The correct answer is Vitamin C.

Key Points

• Vitamins
  • Vitamins are chemical compounds that are required in small amounts for growth and good health and are obtained from our food.
  • The vitamins are not synthesized in the body that's why they must be supplied through the diet.
• ​Vitamin C
  • ​Vitamin C is a water-soluble compound found in living organisms. 
  • It is an essential nutrient for various metabolism in our body and also serves as a reagent for the preparation of many materials in the pharmaceutical and food industry.
  • Vitamin C also known as ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in many multicellular organisms, especially in humans.
  • Ascorbic acid is a water-soluble vitamin and is found in variable quantities in citrus fruits, vegetables and organ meats.

Important Points

• Vitamins	Chemical Name	Deficiency Disease
  Vitamin A	Retinol	Night Blindness
  Vitamin B1	Thiamine	Beri-Beri
  Vitamin B2	Riboflavin	Angular Stomatitis
  Vitamin B3	Niacin	Pellagra
  Vitamin B5	Pantothenic Acid	Paresthesia
  Vitamin B6	Pyridoxine	Anemia
  Vitamin B7	Biotin	Dermatitis
  Vitamin B9	Folic Acid	Megaloblastic Anemia
  Vitamin B12	Methylcobalamin	Anemia
  Vitamin C	Ascorbic Acid	Scurvy
  Vitamin D	Cholecalciferol	Rickets
  Vitamin E	Tocopherols	Less Fertility
  Vitamin K	Menaquinones	Non-Clotting of Blood

The correct answer is Option 2. 

Key Points

•  Vitamin B3, also known as niacin or nicotinic acid, is one of the eight B vitamins. It plays a crucial role in the proper functioning of the body and is involved in various metabolic processes.
• Here are some key points about vitamin B3:
  • Function: Niacin is essential for the conversion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into energy.
  • Sources: Niacin can be obtained from both animal and plant sources. 
  • Forms: Niacin exists in two forms: nicotinic acid and niacinamide (nicotinamide).
  • Deficiency: Severe niacin deficiency leads to a condition known as pellagra. 
  • Recommended Daily Intake: The recommended daily intake of niacin varies depending on age, sex, and life stage. 

Additional Information

• Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, is one of the eight B-vitamins that play essential roles in maintaining the proper functioning of our bodies
• Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is one of the water-soluble vitamins belonging to the B-complex group. It plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and is involved in various metabolic processes in the body.

The correct answer is Vitamin D.

Explanation:

• Vitamins help in protecting our bodies against diseases. Vitamins also help in keeping our eyes, bones, teeth, and gums healthy.
• Our body needs all types of vitamins in small quantities. 
• Vitamins help in protecting our bodies against diseases.
• Long-term deficiency of one or more nutrients in our diet may result in certain diseases or disorders.
• Vitamin D helps our body to use calcium for bones and teeth. 
• Vitamin D is required for calcium absorption.  Sunlight is the best source of vitamin D.
• When you don't get enough vitamin D, your body's calcium absorption lowers. This usually occurs if you are malnourished or do not get enough sun exposure.
• Our body also prepares Vitamin D in the presence of sunlight. Nowadays, insufficient exposure to sunlight is causing Vitamin D deficiency in many people.

Additional Information

Key Points

• Vitamins were first discovered by FG Hopkins.
• The term Vitamin was coined by C Funk.
• There are two types of Vitamins:
  • Fat-Soluble- Vitamin A, D, E, and K.
  • Water-Soluble - Vitamin B and C.
• Natural sources of Vitamin D are - Sunlight, fish, eggs, and mushrooms. 

The correct answer is 3 i.e. Vitamin-E.
Key Points

Explanation: 

• Vitamin: They are the compounds essential for the metabolic activities of our body but in very small quantities.
• These do not provide energy but control energy-yielding reactions of our body. 
• The term 'vitamin' was coined by Casimir Flunk.
• Based on solubility vitamins are of two types:
  • Fat-soluble vitamin: Vitamin A, D, E, and K.
  • Water-soluble vitamin: Vitamin B complex and C.
• Our body can synthesize vitamin-D and K

The correct answer is Vitamin K.

Key Points

• Vitamin
  • Vitamin is an organic non-protein substance that is required by an organism for normal metabolic function but cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantity by that organism.
  • These can be divided into two categories: fat-soluble and water-soluble.
• ​Fat-Soluble vitamins​
  • Unlike water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body when they are not in use.
  • Vitamins A, D, and E and K are fat-soluble.
• ​Water-soluble vitamins​
  • Any excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins simply pass through the body
  • Vitamin B and Vitamin C are water-soluble.​

Additional Information

The correct answer is i - b, ii - c, iii - a, iv - d.

Key Points 

• Vitamin A:
  • It is fat soluble.
  • Its scientific name is Retinol.
  • Its deficiency causes xeropthalmia.
  • Milk, butter and liver are a source of vitamin A.
• Vitamin B12:
  • Vitamin B12 is also known as cobalamin.
  • It is a water-soluble vitamin involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body.
  • It is one of eight B vitamins.
  • All forms of vitamin B12 contain the biochemically rare element cobalt (Co) positioned in the centre of a corrin ring.
• Vitamin C:
  • It is a water-soluble vitamin.
  • It is also known as Ascorbic acid.
  • Scurvy is caused by not having enough vitamin C in our diet
  • Vitamin C is mainly found in fruit and vegetables.
• Vitamin D:
  • Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and multiple other biological effects.
  • In humans, the most important compounds in this group are vitamin D3 (also known as cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol).
  • Cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol can be ingested from the diet and from supplements.
  • Only a few foods contain vitamin D.
  • The major natural source of the vitamin is the synthesis of cholecalciferol in the skin from cholesterol through a chemical reaction that is dependent on sun exposure (specifically UVB radiation).