Vitamins MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Vitamins - Download Free PDF

Last updated on Jun 4, 2025

Latest Vitamins MCQ Objective Questions

Vitamins Question 1:

Why should fruits and vegetables be washed before eating?

  1. To improve taste
  2. To remove dirt and harmful microbes
  3. To remove vitamins
  4. To add dietary fibre

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : To remove dirt and harmful microbes

Vitamins Question 1 Detailed Solution

The Correct answer is To remove dirt and harmful microbes.

Key Points

  • Fruits and vegetables often carry dirt, pesticides, and harmful microbes such as bacteria and viruses on their surfaces.
  • Washing them helps in removing these contaminants, ensuring they are safe to consume.
  • Harmful microbes like Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella, and Listeria can cause foodborne illnesses if not removed before eating.
  • Proper washing can also eliminate chemical residues from pesticides and fertilizers used during farming.
  • Rinsing under running water is effective in dislodging dirt and microbes from the surface of fruits and vegetables.
  • In some cases, using a vegetable brush can help clean tougher surfaces like potatoes or carrots.
  • Washing fruits and vegetables is especially important if they are to be consumed raw, as cooking usually kills harmful microbes.

Additional Information

Vitamins can be divided into two categories:  

Fat-Soluble vitamins

  • Fat-soluble vitamins are soluble in fats.
  • They are absorbed by fat globules that travel through the small intestines and into the general blood circulation within the body.
  • Unlike water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body when they are not in use.
  • Vitamin A, D, E K are fat-soluble.

Water-soluble vitamins

  • Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water, which means these vitamins and nutrients dissolve quickly in the body.
  • Unlike fat-soluble vitamins, water-soluble vitamins are carried to the body’s tissues, but the body cannot store them.
  • Any excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins simply pass through the body
  • Vitamin B and Vitamin C are water-soluble.

Vitamins Question 2:

Vitamin B1 is also known as

  1. Riboflavin
  2. Thiamin
  3. Retinol
  4. Tocopherol

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Thiamin

Vitamins Question 2 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is Thiamin

Concept:

Vitamins are organic compounds required in the diet in small quantities to perform biological functions.

Classification of Vitamins:

  • Fat-soluble vitamins: These are absorbed in dietary fats and stored in adipose tissues and the liver. These include vitamins A, D, E, and K.
  • Water-soluble vitamins are dissolved in water and readily excreted by the kidneys, requiring regular supplements. These include vitamin C and B complex vitamins.

Explanation:

  • Vitamin B1, also known as Thiamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a critical role in energy metabolism and the functioning of the nervous system.
  • It is involved in the conversion of carbohydrates into energy by acting as a coenzyme in the metabolism of glucose.
  • The body cannot store thiamin in large amounts, so it needs to be consumed regularly through diet or supplements.
  • Deficiency in thiamin can lead to conditions such as beriberi (affecting the cardiovascular and nervous systems) and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (commonly seen in alcoholics).
  • Good sources of Vitamin B1 include whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, and meat (especially pork).

Explanation of Other Options:

  • Riboflavin: Riboflavin is Vitamin B2. It helps in energy production, maintains healthy skin and eyes, and supports the nervous system. It is also involved in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.
  • Retinol: Retinol is Vitamin A, which is crucial for vision, immune function, and skin health.
  • Tocopherol: Tocopherol is Vitamin E. It acts as an antioxidant and helps protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. It also plays a role in immune function and skin health.

Additional Information 

Vitamin

Main function

Deficiency

Principal source

B1(Thiamine)

Growth of body

metabolism

Beri-Beri

Cardiomegaly, indigestion

Meat, Milk,soyabean

B2(Riboflavin)

Strength eye

Growth of body

Opacities in cornea, scars on the tongue

Meat,soyabean,milk, green leafy vegetables

B3(Nicotinamide)

Controls the Cholesterol level, metabolism

Pellagra

Meat,groundnut,curd

B5(Pantothenic Acid)

Proper function of various enzymes, metabolism

Burning feet syndrome Achromotrichia

Meat, milk,eggs

B6(Pyridoxine)

Amino acid metabolism, Helps in the formation of blood

Skin diseases

Meat,liver,grains

B7(biotin) or Vitamin H

Metabolism protects skin and hairs

Anemia, Alopecia

Meat,eggs,milk,fruits

B9(Folic acid)

Required in red blood cell synthesis

Microcytic anaemia

Chocolate, groundnut,

Papaya, kiwi

B12(Cobalamin)

It contains cobalt

Metabolise nitrogen

RBC formation

Megaloblastic

anaemia

Meat,liver,yeast,eggs

Vitamins Question 3:

Which of the following vitamin is most easily destroyed vitamin while cooking?

  1. Vitamin B12
  2. Vitamin A
  3. Vitamin B4
  4. Vitamin C
  5. Vitamin K

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Vitamin C

Vitamins Question 3 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is Vitamin C.

Concept:

  • Vitamins are organic substances that we need in sufficient quantities to maintain good health.
  • Our body, however, cannot synthesize them. Therefore, we need to consume natural sources such as fruits and vegetables.
  • Vitamins are divided into two groups– water-soluble vitamins (Vitamins of B group and Vitamin C) and fat-soluble vitamins (Vitamins A, D, E, and K).

Explanation:

  • Vitamin C is the vitamin that is destroyed by heat during cooking.
  • When we boil something that contains vitamin C, it reduces its content more than any other method of cooking.
  • Broccoli, spinach, and lettuce, for example, lose up to or more than 50% of their vitamin C when they are cooked.
  • Water-soluble vitamins are also temperature-sensitive vitamins.
  • When the temperature drops below 86°F, vitamin C begins to denature.
  • Vitamin C is primarily found in oranges, strawberries, tomatoes, broccoli, and green peppers, among other fruits and vegetables.
  • When vitamin C is exposed to air, it is easily destroyed, which is what happens when food is overheated.
  • When fat-soluble vitamins are heated or exposed to air, they are not destroyed.

Vitamins Question 4:

Which among the following Vitamins is known as Niacin? 

  1. Vitamin B4
  2. Vitamin B3
  3. Vitamin B1
  4. Vitamin B2
  5. None of the above

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Vitamin B3

Vitamins Question 4 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is Option 2

Key Points

  •  Vitamin B3, also known as niacin or nicotinic acid, is one of the eight B vitamins. It plays a crucial role in the proper functioning of the body and is involved in various metabolic processes.
  • Here are some key points about vitamin B3:
    • Function: Niacin is essential for the conversion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into energy.
    • Sources: Niacin can be obtained from both animal and plant sources. 
    • Forms: Niacin exists in two forms: nicotinic acid and niacinamide (nicotinamide).
    • Deficiency: Severe niacin deficiency leads to a condition known as pellagra. 
    • Recommended Daily Intake: The recommended daily intake of niacin varies depending on age, sex, and life stage. 

Additional Information

  • Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, is one of the eight B-vitamins that play essential roles in maintaining the proper functioning of our bodies
  • Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is one of the water-soluble vitamins belonging to the B-complex group. It plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and is involved in various metabolic processes in the body.

Vitamins Question 5:

Which of the following vitamin is tocopherol?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. D
  4. E
  5. None of the above

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : E

Vitamins Question 5 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is E.

Key Points

  • Vitamin E is tocopherol.
  • Vitamin E represents a group of compounds that contain both tocopherol and tocotrienol.
    • It is good for the immune system and it fights toxins.
    • It is a fat-soluble vitamin.
    • It is a very powerful antioxidant.
    • Weak muscles and fertility problems are signs of deficiency of vitamin E.
    • Its deficiency also causes hair damage and skin problems.

Important Points

Name of Vitamin Chemical Name
A Retinol
B1 Thiamine
B2 Riboflavin
B12 Cyanocobalamin
C Ascorbic acid
D Ergocalciferol, Cholecalciferol
K Phylloquinone

Top Vitamins MCQ Objective Questions

The commonly used Vitamin B Complex is constituted of how many vitamins?

  1. 8
  2. 10
  3. 12
  4. 6

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : 8

Vitamins Question 6 Detailed Solution

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The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e 8.

  • B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins.
  • Vitamin B refers to several different types of vitamins that, together, are known as the B-complex vitamins.
  • ​The commonly used Vitamin B Complex is constituted of 8 vitamins.
    • Thiamin (vitamin B-1)
    • Riboflavin (vitamin B-2)
    • Niacin (vitamin B-3)
    • Pantothenic acid (vitamin B-5)
    • Vitamin B-6
    • Biotin (vitamin B-7)
    • Folate (vitamin B-9)
    • Vitamin B-12

 Additional Information

Vitamin B Complex refers to a group of water-soluble vitamins that are essential for various metabolic processes in the body. The term "Vitamin B Complex" typically includes eight B vitamins:

Thiamine (Vitamin B1):

  • Thiamine plays a key role in energy metabolism, particularly in the metabolism of carbohydrates.
  • It is essential for the functioning of nerve cells and is involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters.

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2):

  • Riboflavin is involved in energy production, particularly in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration.
  • It is essential for the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.
  • Riboflavin is also important for maintaining healthy skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.

Niacin (Vitamin B3):

  • Niacin is essential for energy metabolism, particularly in the form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP).
  • It plays a role in DNA repair, cell signaling, and the functioning of the nervous system.
  • Niacin is also used therapeutically to lower cholesterol levels.

Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5):

  • Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A (CoA), which is involved in numerous metabolic pathways, including the synthesis of fatty acids and the citric acid cycle.
  • It plays a role in energy metabolism and the synthesis of hormones and neurotransmitters.

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6):

  • Pyridoxine is involved in amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and the synthesis of heme (a component of hemoglobin).
  • It is essential for the functioning of over 100 enzymes involved in various metabolic processes.

Biotin (Vitamin B7):

  • Biotin is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids.
  • It serves as a cofactor for enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid metabolism.

Folate (Vitamin B9):

  • Folate is essential for DNA synthesis and cell division.
  • It is particularly important during periods of rapid cell growth, such as during pregnancy and infancy.
  • Folate deficiency can lead to neural tube defects in developing fetuses.

Cobalamin (Vitamin B12):

  • Cobalamin is involved in DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and the functioning of the nervous system.
  • It is required for the conversion of homocysteine to methionine and for the synthesis of myelin, a protective sheath around nerve fibers.

These eight B vitamins are commonly included together in Vitamin B Complex supplements because they work synergistically to support various aspects of health, including energy metabolism, nervous system function, and the synthesis of essential molecules in the body.

Which of the following vitamins are normally made in the kidneys?

  1. Vitamin A
  2. Vitamin E
  3. Vitamin C
  4. Vitamin D

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Vitamin D

Vitamins Question 7 Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is Vitamin D.

Key Points

  • Vitamin D is a hormone produced by the kidneys.
  • The liver and kidneys convert vitamin D into the active hormone, which is called calcitriol.
  • It primarily helps in controlling the concentration of calcium in the blood.
  • It is also vital for the development of strong bones.

Additional Information

Types of Vitamin

Deficiency Diseases Sources 
A (Retinol)

Loss of vision, Xerophthalmia

Carrot, Papaya, etc. 
B1 (Thiamine) Beri-beri Beef, Liver, Peas, Yeast, etc. 
B2 (Riboflavin) Retarded growth, bad skin Fish, Meat, Eggs
B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Anemia Fish, Milk, and Milk products 
C (Ascorbic acid) Scurvy, Gingivitis Citrus fruits and juices, vegetables, etc.
D (Calciferol) Rickets,  Sunlight
E(Tocopherol) Paralysis, sterility Egg, Peanuts, Green vegetables, soybeans
K (Phylloquinone) Excessive bleeding due to injury Green leafy vegetables, cheese

Vitamin K deficiency in our body leads to:

  1. delayed clotting of blood
  2. interference with reproduction
  3. night-blindness
  4. scurvy

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : delayed clotting of blood

Vitamins Question 8 Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is delayed clotting of blood.

Key Points

  • Vitamin K deficiency in our body leads to delayed clotting of blood.
  • It plays a key role in helping the blood clot and preventing excessive bleeding.
  • Unlike many other vitamins, vitamin K is not typically used as a dietary supplement.
  • Vitamin K is actually a group of compounds.
  • The most important of these compounds appears to be vitamin K1 and vitamin K2. Vitamin K1 is obtained from leafy greens and some other vegetables.
  • Vitamin K2 is a group of compounds largely obtained from meats, cheeses, and eggs, and synthesized by bacteria.
  • Low levels of vitamin K can raise the risk of uncontrolled bleeding.

Additional Information

Vitamin

Vitamers

Solubility

Diseases

Sources

Vitamin A

Retinol, retinal, and four carotenoids

Fat

Night-blindness, Hyperkeratosis, and Keratomalacia

Orange, ripe yellow fruits, leafy vegetables, carrots, pumpkin, squash, spinach, liver

Vitamin B1

Thiamine

Water

Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Pork, oatmeal, brown rice, vegetables, potatoes, liver, eggs

Vitamin B2

Riboflavin

Water

Ariboflavinosis

Dairy products, bananas, popcorn, green beans, asparagus

Vitamin B3

Niacin, niacinamide

Water

Pellagra

Meat, fish, eggs, many vegetables, mushrooms, tree nuts

Vitamin B5

Pantothenic acid

Water

Paresthesia

Meat, broccoli, avocados

Vitamin B6

Pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal

Water

Anaemia peripheral neuropathy.

Meat, vegetables, tree nuts, bananas

Vitamin B7

Biotin

Water

Dermatitis, enteritis

Raw egg yolk, liver, peanuts, certain vegetables

Vitamin B9

Folic acid, folinic acid

Water

Megaloblast and deficiency during pregnancy are associated with birth defects, such as neural defects.

Leafy vegetables, pasta, bread, cereal, liver

Vitamin B12

Cyanocobalamin, hydroxycobalamin, methylcobalamin

Water

Megaloblastic anaemia

Meat and other animal products

Vitamin C

Ascorbic acid

Water

Scurvy

Many fruits and vegetables, liver

Vitamin D

Cholecalciferol

Fat

Rickets and Osteomalacia

Fish, eggs, liver, mushrooms

Vitamin E

Tocopherols, tocotrienols

Fat

Deficiency is very rare; mild hemolytic anemia in newborn infants.

Many fruits and vegetables, nuts and seeds

Vitamin K

phylloquinone, menaquinones

Fat

Bleeding diathesis

Leafy green vegetables such as spinach, egg yolks,

Which of the following vitamin is tocopherol?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. D
  4. E

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : E

Vitamins Question 9 Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is E.

Key Points

  • Vitamin E is tocopherol.
  • Vitamin E represents a group of compounds that contain both tocopherol and tocotrienol.
    • It is good for the immune system and it fights toxins.
    • It is a fat-soluble vitamin.
    • It is a very powerful antioxidant.
    • Weak muscles and fertility problems are signs of deficiency of vitamin E.
    • Its deficiency also causes hair damage and skin problems.

Important Points

Name of Vitamin Chemical Name
A Retinol
B1 Thiamine
B2 Riboflavin
B12 Cyanocobalamin
C Ascorbic acid
D Ergocalciferol, Cholecalciferol
K Phylloquinone

Which vitamin is abundant in Citrus fruits?

  1. Vitamin D
  2. Vitamin B
  3. Vitamin C
  4. Vitamin A 

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Vitamin C

Vitamins Question 10 Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is Vitamin C.

Key Points

  • Vitamins
    • Vitamins are chemical compounds that are required in small amounts for growth and good health and are obtained from our food.
    • The vitamins are not synthesized in the body that's why they must be supplied through the diet.
  • ​Vitamin C
    • ​Vitamin C is a water-soluble compound found in living organisms
    • It is an essential nutrient for various metabolism in our body and also serves as a reagent for the preparation of many materials in the pharmaceutical and food industry.
    • Vitamin C also known as ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in many multicellular organisms, especially in humans.
    • Ascorbic acid is a water-soluble vitamin and is found in variable quantities in citrus fruits, vegetables and organ meats.

Important Points

  • Vitamins Chemical Name Deficiency Disease
    Vitamin A Retinol Night Blindness
    Vitamin B1 Thiamine Beri-Beri
    Vitamin B2 Riboflavin Angular Stomatitis
    Vitamin B3 Niacin Pellagra
    Vitamin B5 Pantothenic Acid Paresthesia
    Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine Anemia
    Vitamin B7 Biotin Dermatitis
    Vitamin B9 Folic Acid Megaloblastic Anemia
    Vitamin B12 Methylcobalamin Anemia
    Vitamin C Ascorbic Acid Scurvy
    Vitamin D Cholecalciferol Rickets
    Vitamin E Tocopherols Less Fertility
    Vitamin K Menaquinones Non-Clotting of Blood

Which among the following Vitamins is known as Niacin? 

  1. Vitamin B4
  2. Vitamin B3
  3. Vitamin B1
  4. Vitamin B2

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Vitamin B3

Vitamins Question 11 Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is Option 2

Key Points

  •  Vitamin B3, also known as niacin or nicotinic acid, is one of the eight B vitamins. It plays a crucial role in the proper functioning of the body and is involved in various metabolic processes.
  • Here are some key points about vitamin B3:
    • Function: Niacin is essential for the conversion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into energy.
    • Sources: Niacin can be obtained from both animal and plant sources. 
    • Forms: Niacin exists in two forms: nicotinic acid and niacinamide (nicotinamide).
    • Deficiency: Severe niacin deficiency leads to a condition known as pellagra. 
    • Recommended Daily Intake: The recommended daily intake of niacin varies depending on age, sex, and life stage. 

Additional Information

  • Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, is one of the eight B-vitamins that play essential roles in maintaining the proper functioning of our bodies
  • Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is one of the water-soluble vitamins belonging to the B-complex group. It plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and is involved in various metabolic processes in the body.

Which vitamin is also known as anti-sterility vitamin?

  1. Vitamin - A
  2. Vitamin - D
  3. Vitamin - E
  4. Vitamin - K

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Vitamin - E

Vitamins Question 12 Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is 3 i.e. Vitamin-E.
Key Points

Explanation: 

  • Vitamin: They are the compounds essential for the metabolic activities of our body but in very small quantities.
  • These do not provide energy but control energy-yielding reactions of our body. 
  • The term 'vitamin' was coined by Casimir Flunk.
  • Based on solubility vitamins are of two types:
    • Fat-soluble vitamin: Vitamin A, D, E, and K.
    • Water-soluble vitamin: Vitamin B complex and C.
  • Our body can synthesize vitamin-D and K
Vitamins Their importance
Vitamin-A
  • Steenbock (1919) discovered vitamin-A and Karrear (1931) determined the structure of vitamin-A.
  • It is also called as an anti-infective vitamin.
  • It is necessary for healthy eyesight (normal vision).
  • It is destroyed by strong light.
  • The main sources are yellow or green leafy vegetables, carrot, papaya, ripe, mango, milk, etc.
  • Deficiency causes night blindness (patient cannot see the object in dim light) and xerophthalmia or keratomalacia (dryness and wrinkles of the outer layer of the eyeball).
  • Its other name is Retinol.
Vitamin-D
  • It is called the poor man's vitamin and is a sterol derivative.
  • Its formation takes place under the skin in the presence of sunlight that's why also called sunshine vitamin or anti-racket vitamin.
  • It is needed for strong bones and teeth, helps in DNA synthesis, absorption of calcium and phosphorus.
  • Some main sources are egg, milk, fish liver oil, etc.
  • It affects the bones and causes rickets and osteomalacia in children and adults, respectively.
  • Its other name is Calciferol. 
Vitamin-E
  • It is also known as beauty or anti-sterility vitamin.
  • It acts as an oxidant, helpful in making RBCs, and is necessary for the normal functioning of the reproductive system in both males and females both.
  • The most important sources are vegetable oils, wheat, cottonseed, and animal food.
  • It is also found in green vegetables like alfalfa lettuce i.e. salad etc.
  • Its deficiency destroys the muscles and causes abnormal functioning of the reproductive system in males as well as women.
  • Its other name is Tocopherol.
Vitamin-K
  • It was discovered by Henrik Dam (1935).
  • It is also called a naphthoquinone and is synthesized in the body by some bacteria.
  • It is a coagulation vitamin, which is why it helps in the clotting of blood.
  • The main sources are cauliflower, spinach, tomato, soybean, etc.
  • Its deficiency delays the clotting of blood and causes haemorrhage which is why also called an anti-hemorrhagic vitamin.
  • Its other name is Phylloquinone.

Deficiency of which vitamin lowers the rate of calcium absorption from the food?

  1. Vitamin D
  2. Vitamin C
  3. Vitamin B
  4. Vitamin K

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Vitamin D

Vitamins Question 13 Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is Vitamin D.

Explanation:

  • Vitamins help in protecting our bodies against diseases. Vitamins also help in keeping our eyes, bones, teeth, and gums healthy.
  • Our body needs all types of vitamins in small quantities. 
  • Vitamins help in protecting our bodies against diseases.
  • Long-term deficiency of one or more nutrients in our diet may result in certain diseases or disorders.
  • Vitamin D helps our body to use calcium for bones and teeth. 
  • Vitamin D is required for calcium absorption.  Sunlight is the best source of vitamin D.
  • When you don't get enough vitamin D, your body's calcium absorption lowers. This usually occurs if you are malnourished or do not get enough sun exposure.
  • Our body also prepares Vitamin D in the presence of sunlight. Nowadays, insufficient exposure to sunlight is causing Vitamin D deficiency in many people.

Additional Information

Vitamins Chemical Name Deficiency Disease
Vitamin A Retinol Night Blindness
Vitamin B1  Thiamine Beriberi
Vitamin C  Ascorbic Acid Scurvy
Vitamin D Calciferol Rickets and osteomalacia
Vitamin K Phylloquinone Non-clotting of Blood
Vitamin B2 Riboflavin Cracking of Skin

Key Points

  • Vitamins were first discovered by FG Hopkins.
  • The term Vitamin was coined by C Funk.
  • There are two types of Vitamins:
    • Fat-Soluble- Vitamin A, D, E, and K.
    • Water-Soluble - Vitamin B and C.
  • Natural sources of Vitamin D are - Sunlight, fish, eggs, and mushrooms. 

Name the vitamin whose deficiency causes excessive bleeding?

  1. Vitamin B
  2. Vitamin A
  3. Vitamin C
  4. Vitamin K

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Vitamin K

Vitamins Question 14 Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is Vitamin K.

Key Points

  • Vitamin
    • Vitamin is an organic non-protein substance that is required by an organism for normal metabolic function but cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantity by that organism.
    • These can be divided into two categories: fat-soluble and water-soluble.
  • ​Fat-Soluble vitamins
    • Unlike water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body when they are not in use.
    • Vitamins A, D, and E and K are fat-soluble.
  • ​Water-soluble vitamins
    • Any excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins simply pass through the body
    • Vitamin B and Vitamin C are water-soluble.

Additional Information

Vitamin

Vitamers

Solubility

Diseases

Sources

Vitamin A

Retinol, retinal, and four carotenoids

Fat

Night blindness, Hyperkeratosis, and Keratomalacia

Orange, ripe yellow fruits, leafy vegetables, carrots, pumpkin, squash, spinach, liver

Vitamin B1

Thiamine

Water

Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Pork, oatmeal, brown rice, vegetables, potatoes, liver, eggs

Vitamin B2

Riboflavin

Water

Ariboflavinosis

Dairy products, bananas, popcorn, green beans, asparagus

Vitamin B3

Niacin, niacinamide

Water

Pellagra

Meat, fish, eggs, many vegetables, mushrooms, tree nuts

Vitamin B5

Pantothenic acid

Water

Paresthesia

Meat, broccoli, avocados

Vitamin B6

Pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal

Water

Anaemia peripheral neuropathy.

Meat, vegetables, tree nuts, bananas

Vitamin B7

Biotin

Water

Dermatitis, enteritis

Raw egg yolk, liver, peanuts, and certain vegetables

Vitamin B9

Folic acid, folinic acid

Water

Megaloblast and Deficiency during pregnancy are associated with birth defects, such as neural tube defects

Leafy vegetables, pasta, bread, cereal, liver

Vitamin B12

Cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin

Water

Megaloblastic anemia

Meat and other animal products

Vitamin C

Ascorbic acid

Water

Scurvy

Many fruits and vegetables, liver

Vitamin D

Cholecalciferol

Fat

Rickets and Osteomalacia

Fish, eggs, liver, mushrooms

Vitamin E

Tocopherols, tocotrienols

Fat

Deficiency is very rare; with mild hemolytic anemia in newborn infants.

Many fruits and vegetables, nuts and seeds

Vitamin K

phylloquinone, menaquinones

Fat

Bleeding diathesis

Leafy green vegetables such as spinach, egg yolks, liver

Deficiency of which of the following Vitamins causes pernicious anaemia?

  1. Vitamin K
  2. Vitamin E
  3. Vitamin B12
  4. Vitamin B6

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Vitamin B12

Vitamins Question 15 Detailed Solution

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Concept:

  • A medical condition in which there is a shortage of healthy RBCs in the body is called Pernicious anemia
  • It is caused due to the deficiency of Vitamin B12.
  • Pernicious anemia is a very rare and fatal disease.
  •  pernicious anemia is a type of anemia that lack the Intrinsic factor (IF)

Explanation:

  • Deficiency of Vitamins can cause several diseases like scurvy, night blindness, anemia, etc.
  • Pernicious Anemia is caused due to the deficiency of Vitamin B12.
  • The chemical name of Vitamin B12 is CyanoCobalamin.
  • It is used for the production of RBC as we know that RBC contains Hemoglobin which contains Iron and hence the deficiency also results in Anemia.
  • It is mostly found in non-vegetarian food like red meat hence it is known as Nonvegetarian Vitamin.
  • It also works along with Vitamin B9 and is quite useful for pregnant ladies.

Additional Information

  • Vitamin K -> is responsible for blood coagulation. Without vitamin K, blood coagulation is seriously impaired, and uncontrolled bleeding occurs. 
  • Vitamin B6 -> forms part of the coenzyme for amino acid synthesis and glycogen synthesis. It helps in nerve function and RBC formation. Its deficiency causes skin lesions, disturbance of CNS, and anemia.
  • Vitamin E -> is also known as Tocopherol its deficiency can result in less fertility.
  • Vegetable oil, Sprouted wheat, Leafy vegetables, Milk, Butter, etc are the major sources of Vitamin- E.
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