Which of the following is NOT one of the key principles of social stratification ?

  1. Social stratification is a system that unequally distributes resources.  
  2. Social stratification persists across generations.
  3. Social stratification is supported by ideologies and beliefs.
  4. Social stratification is a characteristic of individuals, not society.

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Social stratification is a characteristic of individuals, not society.

Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is - Social stratification is a characteristic of individuals, not society.

Key Points

  • Social stratification is a characteristic of society
    • It refers to a structured system where people are ranked in a hierarchy based on factors such as class, caste, gender, and race.
    • It is not based on individual characteristics but is a system imposed by society.
    • Example: The caste system in India is a society-wide structure that impacts opportunities and access to resources.
  • Other correct principles of social stratification
    • Persistence across generations: Social positions and advantages/disadvantages are often inherited.
    • Supported by ideologies: Beliefs and norms justify the hierarchy, making it seem natural or fair.
    • Unequal distribution of resources: Wealth, power, and privileges are distributed unevenly among social groups.

Additional Information

  • Types of Social Stratification
    • Caste System: A rigid hereditary system, e.g., India's caste hierarchy.
    • Class System: Based on wealth and occupation, e.g., upper, middle, and lower class.
    • Slavery: A historical system where people were owned as property.
    • Estate System: Found in feudal societies, dividing people into nobles, clergy, and commoners.
  • Effects of Social Stratification
    • Impacts access to education, healthcare, and employment.
    • Creates social inequality and economic disparities.
    • Can lead to social movements and demands for equal rights.
  • Modern Examples of Stratification
    • Gender pay gap: Women often earn less than men for the same work.
    • Racial discrimination: Some ethnic groups have limited access to resources.
    • Economic inequality: The richest 1% control a significant portion of global wealth.
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