The term DNA Barcoding, recently seen in the news, refers to:

Question

Question

A method for identifying species using a standardized short segment of their DNA.
A technique used exclusively for human DNA sequencing.
A process of modifying an organism's genetic material for agricultural purposes.
A method used to create artificial DNA for laboratory research.

Answer 1

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

What is DNA Barcoding?
- It is a method for identifying species based on a short, standardized DNA sequence unique to each species.
- This DNA "barcode" acts as a genetic ID, allowing scientists to differentiate species accurately.
  - Hence, Option 1 is correct.

Additional Information

How DNA Barcoding Works:
- Sample Collection: A small tissue sample (leaf, insect wing, etc.) is taken.
- DNA Extraction: DNA is isolated from the sample.
- PCR Amplification: A targeted DNA region is copied using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
- DNA Sequencing: The sequence is determined and compared to reference databases.
- Species Identification: The sequence is matched to known species in a genetic library.
Applications of DNA Barcoding:
- Biodiversity Conservation – Identifies species in ecological studies.
- Food Authentication – Detects mislabeling in food products (e.g., fish fraud).
- Forensics – Helps in species identification in environmental crimes.
- Medicine – Identifies medicinal plant species and contaminants.