Science and Technology MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Science and Technology - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Option 4.

In News

• The Tamil Nadu State Department of Archaeology (TNSDA) sent 23 charcoal samples to the Beta Analytic lab in the U.S. for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) dating to determine their Carbon-14 content, aiding archaeological research.

Key Points

• AMS Dating is a nuclear physics-based technique that measures radioactive isotopes like Carbon-14 with high precision. Hence, Option 4is correct.
• It works by:
  • Accelerating ions to high kinetic energies,
  • Separating isotopes by atomic mass,
  • Then measuring C-14 content in small samples.
• Used in:
  • Archaeology, climate studies, and biomedical analysis.

Additional Information

• Advantages over traditional methods:
  • Requires much smaller sample sizes (as little as 20 mg).
  • Provides faster and more accurate results than standard radiometric dating.
• Main focus: Radiocarbon dating of ancient organic materials such as charcoal, bone, and shells.

The correct answer is Option 4.

In News

• Swiss authorities recently approved Coartem Baby, the first-ever malaria treatment specifically designed for babies and infants under 6 months old, marking a significant milestone in pediatric healthcare.

Key Points

• Coartem Baby is a malaria drug formulated for infants weighing 2–5 kg, covering newborns to 6 months of age. Hence, Option D is correct.
• It contains artemether and lumefantrine, and dissolves easily even in breast milk, with a sweet cherry flavor for ease of use.
• Developed by Novartis, in partnership with MMV, World Bank, and several European governments and foundations.
• Previously, infants relied on dosages meant for older children, increasing overdose risks.

Additional Information

• Eight African countries, including Nigeria, Kenya, and Uganda, participated in clinical trials.
• Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes.
• The most severe form is caused by Plasmodium falciparum.

The correct answer is Option 1 .

In News

• The Union government and startup leaders have emphasized shifting India’s innovation model from business model-based startups to DeepTech-driven ventures that rely on scientific research and engineering depth. A key challenge highlighted is the lack of infrastructure for low-volume, high-precision product development.

Key Points

• Statement I: DeepTech startups in India face infrastructure constraints such as limited access to fabrication labs, pilot plants, and certification facilities. These are essential for moving from concept to commercially viable products. Hence, Statement I is correct.
• Statement II: Globally, most successful DeepTech companies (e.g., Google, Tesla, NVIDIA, Microsoft) were founded by individuals with strong technical backgrounds, not purely managerial ones. The founders were engineers, scientists, or coders who directly contributed to product R&D. Hence, Statement II is incorrect.

Additional Information

• DeepTech Domains: Include not only AI and robotics, but also material science, molecular chemistry, power electronics, and advanced hardware engineering.
• Founders' Role: The article stresses that technical founders — those who "dirty their hands in technicality" — are critical to DeepTech success.
• Government Role: Agencies like NRDC must update funding criteria to support technically capable founders, not just incubated ventures.
• Educational Reform: A shift from tool-based training to first-principles learning and interdisciplinary collaboration is required at engineering institutions.

The correct answer is Option 2.

In News

• An intercontinental comparison of 10 optical atomic clocks across three continents has achieved unprecedented synchronization precision, marking a critical step towards redefining the SI second. Optical clocks can now measure time to 18 decimal places, vastly improving over existing caesium-based standards. India’s National Physical Laboratory maintains the country’s caesium clocks and disseminates time via satellites and telecom links.

Key Points

• Statement I: Optical atomic clocks are more accurate than caesium-based ones and are expected to replace Cs clocks by around 2030 as the new global standard for defining a second. Hence, Statement I is correct.
• Statement II: Caesium clocks emit in the microwave range, but optical clocks operate in the optical (visible) range of the electromagnetic spectrum. This allows them to count 10,000 times more cycles per second, enabling greater precision. Hence, Statement II is incorrect.
• Statement III: In the 2022–2023 experiment, clocks in Japan, Germany, France, Italy, Finland, and the U.K. were compared. The results showed that time kept by these clocks matched with uncertainties as low as 10⁻¹⁸, a necessary condition before redefining the SI second. Hence, Statement III is correct.

Additional Information

• Current SI Definition (1967): One second = 9,192,631,770 periods of radiation of Cs-133 atom’s ground-state transition.
• Example Optical Clock Frequencies:
  • Strontium: ~4.29 × 10¹⁴ Hz
  • Ytterbium: ~6.42 × 10¹⁴ Hz
• Precision Comparison:
  • Caesium clocks: Drift ~1 second every 300 million years
  • Optical clocks: Drift ~1 second in 15 billion years
• India’s Efforts: The National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Delhi maintains five caesium clocks to regulate national time via INSAT satellites, telecom signals, and optical fibres.

The correct answer is Trigeminal Neuralgia. In News

• Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic nerve disorder known for causing extreme, electric-shock-like pain on the face. Often referred to as the "suicide disease" due to the severity of its pain, Bollywood actor Salman Khan has openly discussed his battle with the condition.

Key Points

• Trigeminal Neuralgia is a chronic nerve disorder that affects the trigeminal nerve, which carries sensation from the face to the brain.
• The condition is often referred to as the "Suicide Disease" due to the excruciating and unbearable pain it causes.
• It is characterized by sudden, severe, stabbing or shock-like facial pain, often triggered by activities like chewing, speaking, or even light touch.
• The exact cause is usually compression of the trigeminal nerve by a blood vessel, but other causes include multiple sclerosis or tumors.
• Management of the disorder includes medications like anticonvulsants, surgical interventions, or nerve blocks for pain relief.

Additional Information

• Trigeminal Nerve:
  • The trigeminal nerve is the fifth cranial nerve and is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the face to the brain and motor signals to muscles used for chewing.
• Symptoms of Trigeminal Neuralgia:
  • Episodes of intense, stabbing pain in the face lasting from seconds to a few minutes.
  • Pain typically affects one side of the face, often around the cheek, jaw, teeth, gums, or lips.
• Diagnosis:
  • Medical history and physical examination are key to diagnosing trigeminal neuralgia.
  • Imaging studies like MRI may be used to rule out other conditions such as tumors or multiple sclerosis.
• Treatment Options:
  • First-line treatment includes anticonvulsant medications like carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine.
  • Surgical procedures such as microvascular decompression or gamma knife radiosurgery may be considered in severe cases.
• Prevalence:
  • Trigeminal neuralgia is relatively rare, with an estimated incidence of approximately 12 cases per 100,000 people annually.
  • It is more common in individuals over the age of 50 and slightly more prevalent in women than men.

The correct answer is Prithvi.

Key Points

• Prithvi was the first Indian missile.
• It was a surface-to-surface ballistic missile.
• It was inducted into the Forces Command in 2003.
• It was developed under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP).
• It was developed by Defence Research Development Organization.
• Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was the brain behind this project.
• He was the former President of India, famously known as the Missile Man of India.

The correct answer is Sindhu Netra Satellite.

Key Points

• The Sindhu Netra satellite has been developed by the young scientists of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
• ISRO launched the 'Sindhu Netra' satellite using, PSLV-C51 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh on 28 February 2021.
• It is capable of automatically identifying the warships and merchant ships operating in the Indian Ocean region.

Important Points

• India’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-C51 also launched Amazonia-1 along with 18 co-passenger satellites from Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota.
• Amazônia-1 or SSR-1 is the first Earth observation satellite developed by Brazil and launched by NSIL with the help of ISRO.
• It is the 1st dedicated commercial mission of NewSpace India Limited (NSIL), a GoI company under the Space Department

Additional Information

• DRDO
  • DRDO stands for Defence Research and Development Organisation.
  • Headquarters: New Delhi
  • Founded: 1958
  • Motto : Balasya Mulam Vigyanam (Strength's Origin is in Science)
  • Chairperson: Dr Samir V Kamat

The correct answer is 2024.

Mistake Points

• Two uncrewed Gaganyan missions will be launched in 2023-2024 and the final crewed Gaganyaan mission will be launched in 2024.

Key Points

• According to Union Minister of State for Space Jitendra Singh, India's first human space flight mission under the 'Gaganyaan program' is scheduled to launch in the fourth quarter of 2024.
• Gaganyaan, India's first human space mission, is set to launch in 2024.
• Two uncrewed Gaganyan missions, uncrewed mission 'G1'(in the last quarter of 2023) and the second uncrewed mission 'G2' in the second quarter of 2024
• The second mission will carry "Vyommitra", a spacefaring human-robot developed by ISRO, in the second quarter of 2024.

Important Points

•  India will become the fourth nation in the world to launch a Human Spaceflight Mission after USA, Russia and China.
• The major missions viz., Test vehicle flight for the validation of Crew Escape System performance and the 1st Uncrewed mission of Gaganyaan (G1) are scheduled during the beginning of 2nd half of 2022. 
• The astronaut training facility is getting established in Bengaluru and in advanced stage of completion.
• Basic Aeromedical training and flying practice completed as part of the Indian leg of training.
• The design of all systems of Gaganyaan has been completed. 
• The configuration and design of ground infrastructure have been completed and modifications needed are being implemented.

The correct answer is Iran.

Key Points

• Iran's paramilitary Revolutionary Guard launched a second satellite into space in March 2022.
• The Noor-2 satellite reached a low orbit on the Ghased satellite carrier.
• Ghased is a three-phase, mixed fuel satellite carrier. 
• The Guard launched its first Noor satellite in 2020, revealing to the world it ran its own space programme.

Important Points

• Noor 2 is orbiting at an altitude of 500 kilometres (311 miles). 
• The three-stage Qased, or "Messenger", carrier launched the Noor 2, from the Shahroud space port.
• The same type of rockets, which use a combination of liquid and solid fuels, carried the first military satellite.

Additional Information

• Iran:
  • Capital - Tehran.
  • Currency - Iranian rial.
  • President - Ebrahim Raisi.
  • National Sport - Freestyle wrestling.

The correct answer is PSLV-C52.

Key Points

• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, PSLV-C52, carrying three satellites on 14 Feb 2022 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.
• It was carrying EOS-04, a radar imaging satellite.
• The other two satellites include one student satellite (INSPIREsat-1) from IIST, and a technology demonstrator satellite (INS-2TD) from ISRO.

Additional Information

• ​India’s Polar rocket, Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-C51 has successfully launched Amazonia-1 of Brazil and 18 other satellites from the spaceport.
• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) had launched the 51st mission of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV C49 in 2020.
  • ISRO Chairman: Shri S. Somanath (as of Feb 2022).
  • ISRO Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka.
  • ISRO established: 15 August 1969.
• Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched the country’s newest satellite named EMISAT, from PSLV C-45, from Sriharikota launch station.

The correct answer is ISRO.

• The word 'Vyommitra' is made up of two words of the Sanskrit language 'Vyom' and 'Mitra' which means space and friend respectively.
• This is the prototype of the Half-Humanoid female robot developed by ISRO.
• It was unveiled on 22 January 2020.

Additional Information 

• Vyommitra is planned to be sent on the manned space mission in December 2021 which will help the male astronauts.
• Under the "Gaganyaan" program, Vyommitra will be sent to unmanned missions at the end of this year and also next year before the astronauts left.
• The aim of its creation is that ISRO does not want to fly animals on board for its experiments like other nations do to find out how the human body reacts during long-duration in space.
• This humanoid robot will understand what weightlessness and radiation can do to a human body.

The correct answer is the Indian Institute of Science (IISc).

Important Points

• A team of engineers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) had developed an intensive care unit (ICU) grade ventilator under the name of ‘Project Praana’.
• Recently, the team has successfully completed the prototyping of the ventilator, which is now in the process of being commercialised.
• The affordable ventilator uses only components made in India or components which are easily available in the domestic markets.
• The team developed the ventilator in a record 35 days.

The correct answer is Russia.

Key Points

• Yuri Borisov, the newly appointed director-general of  Roscosmos announced the plan to withdraw from the International Space Station.
• International Space Station was launched in the year 1998,and it has been continuously occupied since  November 2000. Along with Russia and USA the other countries includes Canada, Japan and 11 European countries.

Additional Information

• India is planning to lauch its first manned mission called Gaganyaan . Under this mission 3 people will be carried to space and willl stay there for a week.

The correct answer is 1991.

Key Points

• PARAM 8000:
  • The PARAM 8000 was the first machine in the series and was built from scratch.
  • Vijay P. Bhatkar is best known as the architect of India's national initiative in supercomputing where he led the development of Param supercomputers.
    • He developed the first Indian supercomputer, the PARAM 8000, in 1991.
  • PARAM is a series of supercomputers designed and assembled by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC).
  • PARAM means "supreme" in the Sanskrit language.
  • As of November 2020, the latest and fastest machine in the series is the PARAM Siddhi AI which ranks 63rd in the world.

Additional Information

• C-DAC:
  • C-DAC headquarters is in Pune, Maharastra. 
  • C-DAC was created in November 1987, originally as the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing Technology (C-DACT).
  • This was in response to issues purchasing supercomputers from foreign sources.
  • The Indian Government decided to try and develop indigenous computing technology.

The correct answer is Vikas.

Key Points

• ISRO successfully conducted a 25-second qualification test for its liquid propellant-based Vikas engine to be used under the Gaganyaan mission, in January 2022.
• The test was conducted at the ISRO Propulsion Complex in Mahendragri, Tamil Nadu.
• It was done to see how the engine performed in conditions that were not optimal, such as change in the fuel-oxidizer ratio or pressure in the fuel chamber.

Important Points

•  Three more tests will be conducted, totalling a duration of 75 seconds, to test the engine under varying conditions.
• Then, a long-duration test for 240 seconds will be conducted to qualify the engine for carrying humans to space.
• Two Vikas engines have already been tested for 240 seconds each under optimal operating conditions.
• This is one of the three engines that the space agency will have to qualify to finally make the entire launch vehicle human rated .