Geography (World Geography) MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Geography (World Geography) - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Volcano.Key Points 

• The term "caldera" is associated with Volcano.
• A caldera is a large, usually circular depression at the summit of a volcano.
• It is formed when a major eruption leads to the collapse of the mouth of the volcano.
• This happens when the magma chamber empties during an eruption and can no longer support the weight of the volcano, causing the top of the volcano to collapse inward.
• Calderas can be tens of kilometers in diameter and are often filled with water, forming a lake.

Additional Information 

• A volcano is a vent (opening) in the earth’s crust through which molten material erupts suddenly from a magma chamber below the surface.
• Due to very high temperatures, some rocks slowly melt and turn into a thick flowing matter known as magma. Since it is lighter than the solid rock around it, the magma rises and gets collected in magma chambers which eventually push through fissures and vents on the earth’s surface.
• They are generally found where tectonic plates (like Eurasian, Pacific, Somali, etc) diverge or converge. Examples- volcanoes occurring in the mid-oceanic ridge and the Ring of Fire.

Longitudes are imaginary lines that are drawn from North to South and run East to West on the Earth.

• Each degree is equivalent to 4 minutes.
• The Sunlight reaches the places on each longitude 4 minutes apart.
• Any two places on the same longitude will have the same Standard time, see the Sun at the same place in the sky.

Important Points

• 180 Degree longitude is also called Anti Meridian and is used as the International Dateline separating two time zones of the Earth. 
• The international date line serves as the "line of demarcation" between two consecutive calendar dates.
• The international dateline, established in 1884, passes through the mid-Pacific Ocean and roughly follows a 180 degrees longitude north-south line on the Earth.
• The Equator is the 0-degree Latitude (and is not a Longitude) that is an imaginary line drawn from East to West and running North to South which cuts the Earth into two equal hemispheres. 

Therefore, the answer is option 2. International Date Line. 

Additional Information

The other important Longitude is the Prime Meridian passes through Greenwich, London at 0-degree Longitude. Places to the East of it add 4 minutes with each passing degree while places to its West subtract 4 minutes with each passing degree to calculate the time difference with Greenwich which is at 0-degree longitude. 

The correct answer is 'Five'.

Key Points:Five Indian States share a border with Nepal. They are as follows:

• Uttarakhand
• Uttar Pradesh
• Bihar
• West Bengal
• Sikkim

Thus, the correct answer is Five.Hint:

The trick to remember the Indian States sharing a border with Nepal:

SUBBU

S - Sikkim

U - Uttar Pradesh

B - Bihar

B - Bengal (West Bengal)

U - Uttarakhand

The correct answer is 2 and 3 only.

Key Points

• Weathering, mass-wasting, and erosion are collectively referred to as degradational processes because they contribute to the breakdown, movement, and removal of Earth's surface materials.
• Erosion does not necessarily require weathering as a precondition; erosion can occur independently, such as when flowing water or wind transports loose particles.
• Deposition occurs as a direct consequence of erosion when the transported material settles in a new location due to a decrease in the energy of the transporting medium.
• Statement 1 is incorrect because erosion can also act on previously loose or unconsolidated material without requiring prior weathering.
• Statements 2 and 3 are correct as they accurately describe the processes of erosion and its outcomes.

Additional Information

• Weathering: It is the process of breaking down rocks and minerals into smaller particles through physical, chemical, or biological means without movement.
• Mass-Wasting: It refers to the downslope movement of soil and rock under the influence of gravity, such as landslides, rockfalls, and soil creep.
• Erosion: It involves the removal and transportation of surface material by natural agents like water, wind, ice, or gravity.
• Deposition: The process by which eroded materials are laid down or settled in new locations, forming features such as deltas, sand dunes, or alluvial plains.
• Degradational Processes: These are natural geological processes that lead to the wearing down or destruction of landforms, contributing to landscape evolution over time.

The correct answer is 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6.

Key Points

• Rotation of the Earth on its axis causes daily variations in insolation, as different areas face the Sun at different times of the day.
• The angle of inclination of the Sun's rays affects the intensity of insolation, with steeper angles delivering higher energy.
• Length of the day directly impacts the amount of solar energy received; longer days result in more insolation.
• The transparency of the atmosphere determines the extent to which solar radiation reaches the Earth's surface, with clouds, dust, and pollutants playing key roles.
• The configuration of land (topography) can influence localized variations in insolation due to features like mountains and valleys.

Additional Information

• Insolation: Insolation refers to the amount of solar radiation received by a given area of the Earth's surface over a specific time period.
• Earth’s axial tilt: The Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5°, which affects seasonal variations in insolation across different latitudes.
• Atmospheric transparency: Factors like cloud cover, aerosols, and greenhouse gases influence how much solar energy reaches the surface.
• Solar declination: The apparent movement of the Sun between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn throughout the year alters the angle of solar rays.
• Local geography: Features like mountains, plateaus, and valleys can create microclimates that affect the distribution of insolation in a region.

The correct answer is ​France and Germany.

Key Points

• Maginot Line is a Defensive line in France.
• It was constructed in 1930.
• The Maginot Line was an extremely well-developed chain of fortifications for defence against the German attack during the first world war.

Additional Information

The correct answer is The US.

• The Grand Canyon is an example of a valley that is an erosional landform.
  • Erosion - It is the geological process in which earthen materials such as soil or rock are removed and transported by natural forces such as wind or water.
    • Valleys start as small and narrow rills.
    • The rills will gradually develop into long and wide Gullies.
      • A rill means a small stream.

​

• The gullies will further deepen, widen, and lengthen to give rise to valleys.
  • Gully - A small passage formed due to stream.

• Depending upon dimensions and shape, many types of valleys like V-shaped valleys, gorge, canyon, etc. can be recognised.
  • V-shaped valley 

• A canyon is characterised by steep steplike side slopes.
• A canyon is wider at its top than at its bottom. In fact, a canyon is a variant of a gorge.
• Valley types depend upon the type and structure of rocks in which they form.
  • Example - canyons commonly form in horizontal bedded sedimentary rocks and gorges form in hard rocks.
• The Grand Canyon :

• Gorge - A narrow valley with steep sides and a river running through it.

The correct answer is Majuli island.

Important Points

• The Guinness Book of World Records has named Majuli as the world's largest river island.
• The beautiful river island is located on the River Brahmaputra in Assam.
• It is formed by the Brahmaputra River in the South, and Kherkutia Xuti, an anabranch of Brahmaputra, joined by the Subansiri River in the north.
• The island is populated by the Mising, Deori, and Sonowal Kachri tribes. 
• The people of the island speak the languages of Mising, Assamese, and Deori.
• It is home to about 1,60,000 individuals and is a hub of neo-Vaishnavite Assamese culture. 
• It covers about 880 sq km of land and is one of Assam's popular tourist destinations.
• Majuli suffers from heavy erosion due to the regular flooding of the Brahmaputra river.
• It is estimated that it has lost approximately one-third of its territory in the last 30-40 years due to erosion.  
• It was recently declared a district and was previously a subdivision under the district of Jorhat. 
• It has also been included in the tentative list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites.

Majuli island

The correct answer is Thermosphere.

Key Points

The atmosphere consists of different layers with varying densities and temperatures. The column of the atmosphere is divided into five different layers depending upon the temperature condition.
They are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.

• The troposphere
  • It is the lowest part of the Earth's atmosphere in which all tropical changes take place. It contains about 75% of the total air in the atmosphere.
  • This layer contains dust particles and water vapor.
  • All changes in climate and weather take place in this layer.
  • This is the most important layer for all biological activity.
  • The zone separating the troposphere from the stratosphere is known as the tropopause.
  • The temperature here is nearly constant, and hence, it is called tropopause.
• The stratosphere
  • It is found above the tropopause and extends up to a height of 50 km.
  • One important feature of the stratosphere is that it contains the ozone layer.
  • This layer absorbs ultraviolet radiation and shields life on the earth from an intense, harmful form of energy.
  • The stratopause caps the top of the stratosphere.
• The mesosphere
  • It lies above the stratosphere, which extends up to a height of 80 km.
  • In this layer, once again, the temperature starts decreasing with the increase in altitude and reaches up to minus 100°C at a height of 80 km.
  • The upper limit of the mesosphere is known as mesopause.
• The thermosphere 
  • It is located between 80 and 400 km above the mesopause.
  • It contains electrically charged particles known as ions, and hence, it is also known as the ionosphere.
  • Radio waves transmitted from the earth are reflected back to the earth by this layer.
  • It contains Ions and helps in wireless communication
• The temperature here starts increasing with height.
• The exosphere
  • It is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere.
  • This is the highest layer but very little is known about it.
  • Whatever contents are there, these are extremely rarefied in this layer, and it gradually merges with outer space.

​

The correct answer is outer core.

Important Points

• The interior of the earth is divided into three parts namely Crust, Mantle, and Core.
• The core is the innermost layer of the earth.
• The radius of the innermost layer(core) is about 3500 km.
• The core is made up of material constituted by nickel and iron.
• The temperature and pressure of the central core are very high.

Key Points

• The core is further subdivided into two layers called the outer core and inner core.
• The outer core of the earth is in a liquid state.
• The inner core is in solid-state
• The outer core is responsible for the earth's magnetic field.

Additional Information

• The crust is the outermost of the earth.
  • It is brittle in nature.
  • it the thinnest layer of Earth.
  • The thickness of the crust varies under the oceanic and continental areas.
• The mantle is the second layer in the interior of the earth.
  • The mantle extends from Moho’s discontinuity to a depth of 2,900 km.
  • The upper portion of the mantle is called the asthenosphere.

The correct answer is thermosphere.

Key Points

• The thermosphere lies above the mesopause and is a region in which temperatures increase with height.
• Thermosphere:
  • In the thermosphere, the temperature rises very rapidly with increasing height.
  • The ionosphere is a part of this layer.
  • It extends between 80-400 km. This layer helps in radio transmission.

Additional Information

• There are a total of five atmospheric layers. These are -
  • Troposphere.
  • Stratosphere.
  • Mesosphere.
  • Thermosphere.
  • Ionosphere: the lowest part of the Thermosphere contains the ionosphere.
  • Exosphere.
• Stratosphere:
  • It lies beyond the troposphere, up to an altitude of 50 km from the earth's surface.
  • The temperature in this layer remains constant for some distance but then rises to reach a level of 0°C at 50 km altitude.
  • This rise is due to the presence of ozone.
  • This layer is almost free from clouds and associated weather phenomena, making conditions most ideal for flying aeroplanes.
• Exosphere:
  • This is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere extending beyond the ionosphere above a height of about 400 km.
  • The air is extremely rarefied and the temperature gradually increases through the layer.
  • Light gases like helium and hydrogen float into space from here.
• Troposphere:
  • It is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere.
  • The layer starts at Earth's surface and extends 8 to 14.5 km high (5 to 9 miles).
  • The troposphere contains dust particles and water vapour.
  • This is the most important layer of the atmosphere because all kinds of weather changes take place only in this layer.
  • The zone dividing troposphere from the stratosphere is known as the tropopause.

The correct answer is Gibraltar.

Key Points

• Strait of Gibraltar
  • The Strait of Gibraltar connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Mediterranean Sea and separates Spain on the European continent from Morocco on the African continent.

​

• Hence option 3 is correct.

Additional Information

• Sunda Strait
  • Sunda Strait, Indonesian Selat Sunda, is a channel, 16–70 miles (26–110 km) wide, between the islands of Java (east) and Sumatra.
  • The Sunda Strait is an important passage connecting the Indian Ocean with eastern Asia.

• Taiwan Strait
  • The Taiwan Strait, also known as the Formosa Strait, is a 180-kilometre-wide strait separating the island of Taiwan and continental Asia.
  • The strait is currently part of the South China Sea and connects to the East China Sea to the north.
  • The narrowest part is 130 km wide.

• Tsushima Strait
  • Tsushima Strait or Eastern Channel is a channel of the Korea Strait, which lies between Korea and Japan, connecting the Sea of Japan, the Yellow Sea, and the East China Sea.

The correct answer is ​Mars and Jupiter.

Key Points

• Asteroids
  • Apart from the  planets, and satellites, numerous tiny bodies also move around the sun. These bodies are called asteroids.
  • They are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
  • Scientists are of the view that asteroids are parts of a planet that exploded many years back.
  • Asteroid Belt is a circumstellar disc in the Solar System.
  • Asteroid Belt is occupied by numerous irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids or minor planets.
  • Four largest asteroids
    • Ceres
    • Vesta
    • Pallas
    • Hygiea
  • Ceres, the asteroid belt's only dwarf planet.
  • Asteroids orbit the Sun and are small bodies on the solar system.
  • They are made up of metals and rocks and also consist of organic compounds.
  • They are similar to comets but don’t have a coma-like comet. 
  • Asteroids tend to have shorter and elliptical orbits.
  • Astronomers have discovered millions of asteroids some that measure hundreds of kilometers across and some as small as dust particles.
  • Asteroids have an elliptical orbit.
  • It is made of metals and rocks.
  • Do not produce a coma or tail atmosphere.
  • The orbital period is 1 to 100 years.

The correct answer is 9.

Important Points

• India has a coastline of 11098.81 km.
• ​In India, Nine States have a coastline.
• The states are Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal.
• Four Union Territories also have a coastline.
  • Daman & Diu.
  • Puducherry.
  • Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Bay of Bengal)
  • Lakshadweep Islands (Arabian Sea)​ 
• Gujarat has the longest coastline in India and this coastline is surrounded by the Arabian Sea.
• Sagarmala project of GOI is a strategic and customer-oriented initiative to modernize India’s Ports and coastlines to contribute to India’s growth.

The correct answer is USA and Canada.

• 49th parallel is a boundary between the USA and Canada.

Key Points

• 49th parallel:
  • The 49th parallel lies in the Northern Hemisphere.
  • It is a circle of latitude that is 49° north of Earth's equator.
  • It was demarcated after the Anglo-American Convention of 1818 and the Oregon Treaty of 1846.
  • The line also forms the international border between the northern USA and Canada.

Additional Information

• Some of the International boundaries are: