Pre Independence and Post Independence: UGC NET Psychology Notes

The pre-independent era of India was an era of colonialism, which dramatically affected the socio-political texture of the nation. Imperial Britain plundered the resources of India but fostered a cultural renaissance in her people. It saw the emergence of various nationalist movements to free the country from alien rule. That emerged leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Subhas Chandra Bose who preached for self-rule and social reforms. The struggle towards independence was characterized by key moments, demonstrations, and sacrifice that shaped the birthing of a united national identity.

Pre Independence and Post Independence is a vital topic to be studied for the psychology related exam such as the UGC NET Psychology.

In this article the readers will be able to know about the following:

• Pre Independence India-Overview 
• Post Independence India-Overview
• Difference Between Pre Independence and Post Independence India

Pre Independence India-Overview 

The struggle against the British colonial ruling system began with the establishment of the East India Company during the 17th century and, as such, took a serious form during the 19th and 20th centuries; it was the British who exploited all the potential resources of India and led the country towards economic hardships and gross discontent amongst various social classes. This period saw the flourishing of a nationalist movement which involved the Indian masses; Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Subhas Chandra Bose, mass leaders of the self-rule and civil rights movements, characterized this era. Some key historical happenings that occurred in this period include: Sepoy Mutiny in 1857, Indian National Congress in 1885, Non-Cooperation Movement, and Quit India Movement showed the rising thirst for independence. Also, it was the time of social reform activities, growing awareness regarding caste and gender issues, and activism by revolutionaries. Movement culminated in the form of single call of independence, and India finally attained freedom from Britain in 1947.

Post Independence India-Overview

Post-independence India, following its liberation from British rule in 1947, embarked on a transformative journey to establish itself as a sovereign democratic nation. The immediate aftermath was marked by significant challenges, including communal violence, the partition-related refugee crisis, and the integration of over 500 princely states. The adoption of the Indian Constitution in 1950 laid the foundation for a democratic framework, guaranteeing fundamental rights and promoting social justice. Economically, India focused on self-sufficiency through mixed economy policies, emphasizing agricultural and industrial development, while also addressing poverty and inequality. Socially, the government initiated various reforms aimed at uplifting marginalized communities and promoting gender equality. Over the decades, India has evolved into one of the world's largest economies and democracies, navigating complexities such as regional diversity, cultural pluralism, and ongoing social challenges, while striving to fulfill the aspirations of its diverse populace.

Difference Between Pre Independence and Post Independence India

The current transformation from pre-independence to post-independence India depicts the shift from colonial rule to self-governance in relation with changes in political, social, as well as economic dynamics. This evolution symbolizes the problems during the struggle for freedom and further efforts towards a democratic and all-embracing nation.

Conclusion

The pre-independence period was the crucible change that galvanized the Indian population against colonial oppression. The coalition of different elements and people pinned hope on the shifting and developing aspirations of the Indian masses. Socio-economic wrongs nourished a sense of cooperation as well as national awareness. After all, the underpinning made during these tumultuous times was the crucial basis for a free India. This phase did not just shape the freedom struggle but also engrained values of democracy and justice that are still seen in the society today.

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