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Which one of the following is the hardest mineral?

  1. Topaz
  2. Quartz
  3. Diamond
  4. Feldspar

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Diamond
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Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is Diamond.

Key Points

  • Diamond is a rare, naturally occurring mineral composed of carbon. 
    • Refractive Index: 2.42.
    • Mohs' Hardness: 10.
  • ​​Each carbon atom in a diamond is surrounded by four other carbon atoms and connected to them by strong covalent bonds.
  • It is the hardest known natural substance.
  • It has the highest thermal conductivity of any natural material.

diamond

Additional Information

  • Mohs' hardness is a measure of the relative hardness and resistance to scratching between minerals. 
  • Developed in 1822 by Frederich Mohs.
  • Here, 1 - softest to 10 - hardest. 
  • Mohs' Hardness of Topaz = 8, Quartz = 7, Feldspar = 6.
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