Which of these international documents is considered to be a non-binding instrument without an implementation machinery?

The correct answer is 'Universal Declaration of Human Rights'

Key Points

• Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR):
  • The UDHR was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948, as a milestone document that outlines fundamental human rights to be universally protected.
  • It is considered a non-binding international document, meaning that while it sets global standards for human rights, it does not impose legal obligations on states to enforce its provisions.
  • The UDHR does not have an implementation mechanism or enforcement body, as it is a declaration rather than a treaty or convention. Its role is primarily to serve as an aspirational framework and moral guide for nations.
  • The principles of the UDHR have influenced many legally binding documents, such as the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR).

Additional Information

• International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR):
  • The ICCPR is a legally binding treaty adopted in 1966 and entered into force in 1976. It obligates states to respect civil and political rights, such as the right to life, freedom of speech, and equality before the law.
  • The ICCPR has an implementation mechanism called the Human Rights Committee, which monitors compliance by reviewing periodic reports submitted by member states.
• Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide:
  • This is a legally binding treaty adopted by the United Nations in 1948, specifically aimed at preventing and punishing the crime of genocide.
  • It obligates states to take measures to prevent genocide and prosecute individuals responsible for committing such crimes.
  • This convention has enforcement mechanisms through international tribunals and courts, such as the International Criminal Court (ICC).
• International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR):
  • The ICESCR is another legally binding treaty adopted in 1966 and entered into force in 1976. It ensures the protection of economic, social, and cultural rights, such as the right to education, health, and adequate living standards.
  • The ICESCR has an implementation mechanism through the Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, which monitors states’ compliance by reviewing their periodic reports.