The _____ clause is an additional filter that is applied to the result set in a SQL statement.

The correct answer is Having.

Key Points

• The HAVING clause is used in SQL to apply an additional filter to the result set after the GROUP BY clause has been executed.
  • While the WHERE clause is used to filter rows before any groupings are made, the HAVING clause is used to filter groups after the GROUP BY clause has been applied.
  • For example, you can use the HAVING clause to filter groups based on aggregate functions like COUNT, SUM, AVG, etc.
  • Consider the following SQL statement:

    SELECT department, COUNT(*)
    FROM employees
    GROUP BY department
    HAVING COUNT(*) > 5;

  • This query groups the employees by their department and then filters out any departments with 5 or fewer employees.
  • Thus, the HAVING clause is particularly useful for conditions that involve aggregate functions, which cannot be used in the WHERE clause.

Additional Information

• The HAVING clause can be used with multiple aggregate functions to perform complex filtering operations.
  • For instance, you might want to filter groups based on the average salary in a department and the total number of employees in that department:

  • SELECT department, AVG(salary), COUNT(*)
    FROM employees
    GROUP BY department
    HAVING AVG(salary) > 50000 AND COUNT(*) > 5;

  • This query will return only those departments where the average salary is greater than $50,000 and the number of employees is more than 5.
• Unlike the ORDER BY clause which is used to sort the result set, the HAVING clause is used specifically for filtering groups.