In Pelton turbine

Explanation:

In a Pelton turbine, which is a type of impulse turbine, the working principle involves converting the potential energy of water into kinetic energy before it strikes the runner buckets:

1. Conversion of Potential to Kinetic Energy: The high-pressure water from a reservoir is directed through a nozzle. The nozzle converts the high-pressure potential energy into a high-velocity jet of water (kinetic energy). This jet of water then strikes the buckets of the Pelton turbine runner, causing it to spin and generate mechanical energy, which is converted into electrical energy by a generator.

2. Impulse Turbine: Since the conversion of energy (from potential to kinetic) occurs outside the turbine (at the nozzle), the turbine itself works on the impulse principle. The runner operates in atmospheric pressure, and the pressure remains constant throughout the process, which characterizes the operation of impulse turbines.