House Drainage MCQ Quiz in मराठी - Objective Question with Answer for House Drainage - मोफत PDF डाउनलोड करा

Explanation:

Sewer sections and their suitable diameters:

Explanation:

Excavation of Trenches:

• The trenches are then excavated to sufficient width so that the pipes can be properly laid and easily jointed.
• The width of the trench should be at least 0.3 to 0.5 m greater than the external diameter of the pipe.
• The trenches are excavated to the predetermined depth.
• The pipe should have a top cover of about 0.9 to 1 m to ground.

Additional InformationLaying of pipes
The various operations involved in the laying of pipes are as below:

1. Preparation of detailed maps
2. Fixing the alignment
3. Excavation of trenches
4. Bottoming of trenches
5. Lowering of pipes
6. Laying of pipes
7. Jointing of pipes
8. Anchoring of pipes
9. Back - filling

Explanation:

Fresh air inlet:

• This is provided at the last manhole, which connects the house drain with the public sewer for admitting fresh air. This dilutes the sewage gases.
• It is kept at about 2 metres high above the ground level. It is provided with mica flap one-way valve at its top.
• This valve opens inwards and admits fresh air.

Additional InformationCowl:

• It is provided at the top of vent pipe. It prevents the birds from building the nests.
• It is provided with slits or narrow openings.
• It escapes the foul gas from septic tank or the drainage line.

House drain or building drain:

• It is that part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing drainage system.
• It receives discharge from soil, waste and other drainage pipes within the building and conveys it to the house sewer.

Stack:

• A stack is any vertical line of drainage i.e., soil, waste or vent pipe.

Explanation:

Detention period:

• The detention period refers to the theoretical time it takes for particles suspended in water to settle from the time they enter a sedimentation basin until they reach the exit. ​ 

Additional Information

Design period:

• It is the future period for which various service units of water supply or sanitary works are designed. 

Precipitation:

• Precipitation is the water falling from the atmosphere to the surface of the earth in the form of rain, hail, etc. Rainfall is the most important part of precipitation. 

Water bearing stratum:

• It is an aquifer holding water. It is the underground natural water storage reservoir, from which water can be withdrawn. 

Water table:

• It is the upper surface of free water in top soil. It is also known as ground water level. 

Intakes:

• Intakes are structures used to collect water from the surface sources which are relatively clean, free from pollution, sand and other objectionable floating materials.

Explanation:

Zinc:

• Galvanization is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to iron or steel to prevent rusting.
• The most common method is hot-dip galvanization, in which the iron or steel is submerged in molten zinc.

Additional Information
Iron:

• Iron is the base material of the pipe, not the coating.

Copper:

• Copper is not typically used as a coating for iron pipes.

Carbon:

• Carbon is not used as a coating. Carbon steel, however, is a different category of steel.

Explanation:

Two Pipe System:

• Different waste pipes are used for drainage of waste from bath, kitchen and W.C's.
• The soil pipe conveys discharges from water closets, urinals, and similar soil appliances directly to the drainage system.
• The waste pipe conveys waste from ablutionary and culinary (sinks, wash basins, showers, bathrooms and kitchens) appliances to the drainage system directly or through a trapped gully where desired.
• This system is installed on the face of a side wall or a pipe duct in the case of multi-storeyed buildings. In multi-storeyed buildings where the number of floors exceeds four, this system is preferred.
• It is commonly used in India.

Additional Information 

The one - pipe system

• In this system a single soil waste pipe conveys both soil and waste from all appliances directly into the building drain.
• It is an easy to install and economical system.

One pipe system partially ventilated

• This system combines both the one - pipe and single stack system. In this system, only one soil waste pipe conveys both soil and waste.
• The separate vent pipe provides ventilation only to the traps of water closets.

Explanation:

Manholes is the name of the appurtenance that are constructed at suitable intervals.

Additional Information

Sewer Appurtenances:

• Sewer appurtenances are those structures and devices of a sewerage system that are constructed at suitable intervals along a sewer line to assist in the efficient operation and maintenance of the system.

Following are the important sewer appurtenances:

1. Inlets

2. Catch Basins or Catch Pits

3. Clean-Outs

4. Manholes

5. Drop Manholes

6. Lamp-Holes 

7. Flushing Devices 

8. Grease and Oil Traps 

9. Inverted Siphons 

10. Storm Water Regulators.

Explanation:

Macro Climate

• It refers to broad climate conditions that prevail over large geographic areas, such as a region, country, or continent.
• It is characterized by long-term weather patterns, including temperature, precipitation, and seasonal variations.
• Macro climate factors include latitude, altitude, and global atmospheric circulation patterns.

For example:

India's macro climate is defined by the monsoon, tropical, and subtropical zones.
Macro climates affect planning and construction on a regional level, such as the need for specific building materials to withstand high rainfall in tropical zones.

Explanation:

Sanitary engineering focuses on designing and managing systems to collect, treat, and safely dispose of waste, preventing public health risks. This includes infrastructure for sewage, refuse collection, and wastewater treatment to maintain a clean and safe environment.

Additional Information

Wastewater Treatment:

• Sanitary engineers develop systems to treat wastewater, removing contaminants before releasing it back into the environment.

Public Health Protection:

• Proper sanitation prevents the spread of diseases by safely removing waste from populated areas.

Environmental Impact:

• Sanitary engineering helps prevent pollution in natural water bodies by managing industrial and domestic waste effectively.

Explanation:

A rainwater harvesting tank is designed to collect and store rainwater runoff, usually from rooftops, which can be used later for non-drinking purposes like gardening, car washing, or flushing toilets. This system is particularly useful in areas with limited water resources, allowing households to reduce their dependence on potable water for non-essential uses.

Additional Information

Water Conservation:

• Rainwater harvesting conserves municipal water resources by reducing the demand for potable water.

Storage Tank:

• The tank can vary in size depending on the building's water needs and the frequency of rainfall in the area.

Uses of Collected Water:

• Besides domestic uses, harvested rainwater can also help recharge groundwater when released into the ground.