Language Development MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Language Development - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The language development of all children follows a certain sequence. This means that there are stages in the learning of a language that is universal. This means that all children go through the same stages while acquiring language and they do so at approximately the same ages, irrespective of the language they speak. Following are the stages of language acquisition: Crying, Cooking, Babbling, First-word, and Two-word utterance. 

Key PointsBabbling: 

• By the age of 3-6 months, babies start making one-syllable sounds such as ba, da, ma, etc. Gradually, they start combining these sounds repetitively, such as bababa, mama, and gaga.
• These early vocalizations are not particularly meaningful or intentional, but babies begin to attach meaning to them as a result of the responses they receive from their parents.
• In the later stages of babbling, the infant combines babbling sounds into a 'sentence'. This sentence has the intonation and rhythm of adult speech.
• Babbling may also have an emotional tone and may reveal the baby's anger, fear, pleasure, or, surprise.

Hence, we can conclude that at around 3 months a toddler starts babbling. 

Additional Information

• Crying: The earliest form of communication that a child uses is crying. From birth to one month of age.
• Cooking: Around one month of age babies begin to make cooing sounds in addition to crying. This stage lasts till 3-4 months after birth. 
• First-word: Utterance of the first word of an infant is a major milestone in their life. The first word a baby utters is at around 12-14 months. A thirteen-month-old may have a vocabulary of 3-8 words.
• Two-word utterance: Between the age of 18-24 months, babies also start using two words to convey their messages or converse with others. With their two words, they also rely on gestures, tone, and context to communicate their message.

The language development of the child at the early stage takes place in the mother language/home language, which is the first language that is spoken in his/her immediate surroundings.

• The child acquires grammar and vocabulary of the mother language quite fast, hence the primary education of the child should be based on mother tongue.

Key Points

Advantages of providing primary education in mother tongue:

• Makes it easier to pick up and learn other languages.
• Makes the classroom environment comfortable and boosts the self-esteem of the children.
• Helps in developing their critical thinking and literacy skills. It further helps in extending the language to use in every subject.
• Helps in developing the child’s personal, social and cultural identity. The child recognizes their identity from the mother language.

Thus, we can conclude that giving primary education in the mother language can help foster the language development of the child.

Additional Information

• India’s 1961 Language Census of India identified1652 mother tongues which in turn classified into 193 languages. At present, there are 22 official languages in India mentioned in the 8th schedule of our constitution.

Reading can be defined as the ability to make sense of written or printed words. The reader uses the symbols to activate the information from his memory and subsequently uses this information to arrive at a plausible interpretation of the written words.

• Reading skill is an active skill that includes perception, recognition, association, understanding, organization, and finding meaning. There are different kinds of reading skills which include extensive, intensive, etc.

Key PointsTypes of Reading Skills:

Hence, it is concluded that the two kinds of reading skills are silent reading and reading aloud.

Additional Information

• Visual, Verbal, Slow and Fast reading are types of reading, not Skills of reading. The reading can be slow and fast which mostly depends on the purpose of reading.

Language is an inseparable part of human life which consists of a set of sounds and written symbols to express thoughts, ideas, and feelings.

• Language development is a process that starts early in life by which children begin to understand and express feelings through languages.

Key Point

• Language development is the main concern in early childhood as it is a sensitive period of language development.
• Beginning the first three years of life, children develop a spoken vocabulary of between 300 and 1,000 words, and they are able to use language to learn about and describe the world around them.
• By age five, a child’s vocabulary will grow to approximately 1,500 words. Five-year-olds are also able to produce five-to-seven-word sentences, learn to use the past tense, and tell familiar stories using pictures as cues.

Hence, it is clear that during early childhood, language development starts taking place.

Language is the medium to communicate with other people of society to convey messages and information. The child is able to easily learn his mother tongue faster than the other languages because they get ample opportunities to speak and listen to their mother tongue.

• He learns a language in a pre-defined order i.e., LSRW (listening, speaking, reading, and writing).

Key Points

Fluency: 

• Fluency in English means that the child can use the basic skills of language that are listening, speaking, reading, and writing. 
• One who can perform these basic skills properly and collectively with full accuracy and speed is said to be fluent in English.
• The goal of language learning is communication competence and the child who learns the basic skills of a language is able to develop real communication in a natural setting environment.       
• So, basically, fluency means the ability through which a child is spontaneously able to express himself by speaking, reading, and writing.
• The teacher must create opportunities to use the language for communication among learners to develop their fluency in English.
• This can be done by conducting several language-based activities such as discussions, drama, dialogues, conversations, debates, questionnaires, etc.

 Additional Information

Therefore, it is concluded that fluency means the ability through which a child is spontaneously able to express himself by speaking, reading, and writing. 

Phonology is related to the system of sounds that constitute the fundamental concepts of language.

Key Points

• Phonological awareness is the ability to recognize and work with sounds in spoken language.
• Phonological awareness refers to the science of phonemes and the ability to recognize and manipulate the spoken parts of sentences and words.
• Phonological awareness is an important skill to develop in children.

Thus, Phonological awareness refers to the ability to reflect and manipulate the structure.

An information gap activity is speaking activity which is carried out in pairs or groups and often involve pupils asking and answering questions they need to complete a task and need to talk to each other to find it.
NOTE:
Example- Learner A has a biography of a famous person with all the place names missing, whilst Learner B has the same text with all the dates missing. Together they can complete the text by asking each other questions in the classroom

• Information gap activities provide an opportunity for extended speaking practice, they represent real communication, motivation can be high, and they require sub-skills such as clarifying meaning and re-phrasing.
• Typical types of information gap activities you might find include; describe and draw, spot the difference, jigsaw readings and listenings and split dictations.

Let us review other terms and how it useful as a teaching-learning strategy:

• Role Play, or Role Playing, allows a learner to assume the role or tasks of a job by practising or simulating real working conditions. The objective of role-playing is to learn, improve or develop upon the skills or competencies necessary for a specific position.
• Reading aloud means just that-reading aloud. When we read aloud to students, we engage them in texts that they might not be able to read
• Retelling a story is a strategy that is used to determine how well a student has comprehended a specific story. Retelling can be used as an effective tool in improving comprehension as well as assessing it. 

Hence, it can be concluded that an information gap activity is a speaking activity is carried out in pairs or groups and often involve pupil’s asking and answering questions.

Development refers to the process of growth, change, and maturation that occurs in individuals over time.

 Key Points

• The development of children follows the principle of individual differences. This means that each child is unique and may progress and achieve developmental milestones at different rates and in different ways.
• Factors such as genetic predispositions, environmental influences, experiences, and learning opportunities contribute to these individual variations in development.
• While there are general patterns and sequences of development that most children follow, there is also considerable diversity in how children grow, learn, and acquire new skills.
• As a result, it is essential for educators, caregivers, and parents to recognize and accommodate these individual differences to support each child's optimal development.

Thus, it is concluded that Development of children follows the principle of individual differences.

Assessment is how we figure out what our students need, track their development, and see how well we're doing as instructors and planners.

Key Points

• Assessment is an important element of the language learning and teaching process.
• Language learning assessment serves one of two purposes: measuring learners' proficiency and measuring the extent to which they have fulfilled the goals of a specific learning programme.
• Language testing is a broad category of evaluations that measures a person's capacity to understand and communicate in a certain language. 
• Language exams can properly examine a person's language abilities in any situation.
• Some methods of assessment in language learning are listed below:
  • Choosing an assessment topic.
  • Evaluating in relation to objectives.
  • Assessment by Observation
  • Establishing assessment opportunities throughout classroom activities.
  • Through nonverbal communication
  • Oral interview
  • Narratives in writing
  • Organised interviews between students and teachers. 

Therefore, Oral tests and Observation are methods of assessment in language learning.

Additional Information

• Observation is the process of carefully considering and analysing students' behaviour and performance in a variety of situations.
• Teachers must know a lot about students, language, and how pupils learn a language in order to use observation effectively.
• In terms of assessing extended problem-solving skills, an oral examination is a useful tool.
• It usually lasts 30–120 minutes and is done either by an oral examiner or by a panel.
• One or two students interact only with the teachers during a typical oral test.

Vygotsky believed that language plays a fundamental role in shaping thought. He argued that cognitive development is closely linked to the development of language, as language provides the framework for thinking and understanding the world.

Key Points

• Assertion (A): As students learn new words, they can better express their thoughts and understand ideas more clearly in class. This statement is true because vocabulary is a critical tool for communication. Language is a medium through which we process information, reason, and develop understanding.
• When students have a richer vocabulary, they are more capable of expressing complex ideas and comprehending new concepts.
• For instance, a student learning scientific terms can understand and explain scientific phenomena more accurately. Thus, the ability to express oneself clearly in class improves as vocabulary expands.
• Reason (R): Vygotsky proposed that language facilitates thought. This reason is also true.
• Lev Vygotsky, a prominent developmental psychologist, emphasized the idea that language and thought are deeply interconnected. According to his theory, language is not only a communication tool but also a framework for thinking.
• Vygotsky believed that cognitive development is influenced by social interactions and language plays a central role in this process. As children engage in dialogue, they internalize the language used and it shapes their thinking and problem-solving skills.

Hence, we can conclude that both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).