States of Matter MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for States of Matter - Download Free PDF

The Correct answer is Strong intermolecular forces and close packing of particles.

Key Points

• Solids are characterized by their strong intermolecular forces, which hold their particles tightly together in fixed positions.
• This close packing of particles in solids leaves little to no empty space between them, making them highly resistant to compression.
• Unlike liquids and gases, the particles in solids can only vibrate about their fixed positions and do not move freely.
• The lack of significant intermolecular spaces in solids means they cannot be compressed easily, as there is no room for the particles to move closer.
• Examples of solids with strong intermolecular forces include metals, crystals, and diamonds, which are known for their rigidity and incompressibility.
• The strong intermolecular forces also contribute to solids’ other properties, such as their fixed shape and volume.

 Additional Information

• High intermolecular spaces
  • High intermolecular spaces are a characteristic of gases, not solids.
  • In gases, particles are far apart, allowing them to be easily compressed.
  • This property is the opposite of the close packing seen in solids.
• The ability to diffuse into other solids
  • While some solids can diffuse into each other over long periods (e.g., metals forming alloys), this is not related to their resistance to compression.
  • Diffusion in solids is much slower compared to liquids and gases due to the strong intermolecular forces.
• High kinetic energy of particles
  • High kinetic energy is a property of particles in gases and, to some extent, liquids.
  • In solids, particle motion is limited to vibrations, resulting in low kinetic energy.
  • This low energy contributes to the rigidity and incompressibility of solids.

The Correct answer is Liquids have loosely packed molecules that slide past each other.

Key Points

• Liquids have loosely packed molecules, meaning their particles are not tightly bound as in solids.
• The molecules in a liquid are held together by intermolecular forces, but these forces are weak enough to allow the molecules to move freely and slide past one another.
• Liquids exhibit a property called fluidity, which allows them to flow and take the shape of the container they occupy.
• Due to the weak intermolecular forces, liquid molecules have enough kinetic energy to overcome these forces partially, enabling free movement.
• This ability to flow distinguishes liquids from solids, where molecules are rigidly fixed, and gases, where molecules move independently with negligible intermolecular forces.
• The sliding motion of molecules gives liquids unique properties such as viscosity, which determines how easily a liquid flows.
• Examples of liquids that exhibit flow include water, oil, and milk, where the molecular structure enables their fluid behavior.

 Additional Information

• Liquids have no intermolecular forces
  • This statement is incorrect because all liquids have intermolecular forces, although they are weaker compared to solids. These forces are crucial for maintaining the liquid state.
  • Examples of intermolecular forces in liquids include hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and dipole interactions.
• Liquids do not have kinetic energy
  • This is incorrect as molecules in a liquid possess kinetic energy, which allows them to move and slide past each other.
  • Kinetic energy is directly related to the temperature of the liquid, meaning higher temperatures result in faster molecular movement.
• Liquid molecules move randomly without any restriction
  • This is not entirely accurate because while liquid molecules do move randomly, their motion is influenced by intermolecular forces, which impose some restrictions.
  • Complete random motion is characteristic of gases rather than liquids.

The Correct answer is Glass.

Key Points

• Glass is commonly used for making transparent containers due to its unique optical and physical properties.
• It is made primarily from silica (sand), soda ash, and limestone, which undergo heating and cooling processes to form a solid, transparent material.
• Transparency: Glass allows light to pass through it, making it suitable for containers where visibility of the contents is important.
• Durability: Glass is resistant to wear and tear, scratches, and chemical reactions, making it ideal for long-term storage.
• Non-reactive nature: Glass does not chemically react with most substances, making it safe for storing food, beverages, and chemicals.
• Glass containers are often used in industries such as pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, laboratories, and home storage.
• Examples of glass containers include bottles, jars, vials, beakers, and flasks.
• Eco-friendly: Glass is recyclable and reusable, contributing to environmental sustainability.

Additional Information

• Wood
  • Wood is an opaque material and lacks transparency, making it unsuitable for transparent containers.
  • It is primarily used in applications such as furniture, construction, and decorative items.
  • Wood is valued for its strength, insulation properties, and aesthetic appeal.
• Metal
  • Metal is not transparent and is typically used for making strong, durable containers such as cans, drums, and tanks.
  • Common metals used include steel, aluminum, and tin.
  • Metal is known for its strength, malleability, and resistance to corrosion (if treated).
• Clay
  • Clay is opaque and typically used for making pottery, earthenware, and terracotta containers.
  • It is valued for its porosity and ability to maintain temperature.
  • Clay containers are often used for traditional storage purposes and are popular in regions with a rich cultural heritage.

The Correct answer is Sponge.

Key Points

• Sponge is a soft, porous material that is easily compressible.
• It consists of numerous small holes or pores that trap air or water, allowing it to be squished or compressed without damage.
• Sponges are commonly used in various applications such as cleaning, cushioning, and absorbing liquids.
• Due to its porous nature, a sponge can return to its original shape after being compressed, making it highly versatile.
• Sponges can be made from natural or synthetic materials, and they are widely used in household, industrial, and cosmetic products.
• Its lightweight and flexible properties make it ideal for tasks that require gentle handling.
• The soft and compressible texture of sponges helps in cleaning delicate surfaces without causing scratches or damage.

Additional Information

• Stone
  • Stone is a hard, rigid material that is not compressible under normal conditions.
  • It is commonly used in construction and as a durable material for building structures and monuments.
  • Examples include granite, marble, and limestone.
• Iron
  • Iron is a strong and hard metallic element that is not easily compressible.
  • It is widely used in the manufacturing of tools, machinery, and construction materials.
  • Iron is known for its durability and high tensile strength.
• Glass
  • Glass is a brittle and hard material that cannot be compressed.
  • It is used in a variety of applications such as windows, containers, and optical devices.
  • Glass is transparent and has unique properties like refractive index and resistance to chemicals.

The Correct answer is Sand.

Key Points

• Sand is an example of a substance that does not dissolve in water.
• This is because sand particles are made up of silicon dioxide, which is insoluble in water due to its chemical structure.
• The particles of sand are much larger in size compared to water molecules, which prevents them from forming a solution.
• Sand is a non-polar substance, while water is a polar solvent. This difference in polarity prevents sand from dissolving in water.
• Sand particles tend to settle at the bottom when mixed with water, forming a suspension.
• Sand is commonly found in natural environments such as beaches, deserts, and riverbanks, and is widely used in construction and glass-making industries.

Additional Information

• Sugar
  • Sugar is a polar compound, which makes it easily soluble in water, a polar solvent.
  • When sugar is mixed with water, its molecules interact with water molecules, breaking down into its constituent glucose and fructose molecules.
  • This process is called dissolution, where sugar forms a homogeneous solution with water.
• Salt
  • Salt (sodium chloride) dissolves readily in water due to its ionic nature.
  • In water, salt dissociates into its sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻) ions.
  • This property makes salt an essential solute in various applications, including cooking, preservation, and industrial processes.
• Lemon juice
  • Lemon juice is a mixture of water and citric acid, along with other compounds.
  • It dissolves completely in water, forming a clear solution due to its high solubility and polar nature.
  • Lemon juice is widely used in culinary and health applications due to its rich content of Vitamin C.

The correct answer is increases.

Important Points

• In normal cases, the volume of substances increases on heating and decreases while cooling.
• When 1 litre of water is cooled from 4°C to 0°C volume of water will start increasing this due to water's unique property known as 'Anomalous Expansion of Water'.
• Anomalous Expansion of Water occurs between 4°C to 0°C.
• The density of water is a maximum at 4 °C.
• When water is cooled from 4°C to 0°C, its density decreases.
• The anomalous expansion of water helps preserve aquatic life during very cold weather.

Explanation:

• When water reaches 4°C the molecules have been pushed as close to one another as possible and the density of water becomes precisely 1.00 g/cm³
• When water freezes at 0°C due to the crystal structure the molecules arranged in some structured fashion so a little far apart ended up less dense - 0.93 g/cm³  - and so floats due to buoyancy.

As density decreases the volume increases.

Volume = mass /density.

The correct answer is the direct change of a substance from a solid to a gas state.

Key Points

• Sublimation is a process in which a solid transforms directly into vapours without changing into liquid.
• This phenomenon can be seen in camphor or naphthalene balls.
• In the process snow or ice transforms directly into water vapour without becoming water.

Additional Information 

• Deposition - It is the process of conversion of a gas to a solid.
• Evaporation - It is the process of conversion of a liquid into gas.
• Fusion/Melting - It is the process of conversion of a solid into a liquid.
• Condensation - It is the process of conversion of a gas into a liquid.

​The correct answer is to Change of solid to liquid.

Concept:

• A matter can exist in three basic forms of state.
• The states of matter are namely, solid, liquid, and gas.
• The states of matter are interconvertible with gain or loss of energy.

Explanation:​

 Additional Information

The correct answer is Neon.

Key Points

• Electric discharge in gases occurs when electric current flows through a gaseous medium due to the ionization of the gas.
• Depending on several factors, the discharge may radiate visible light.
• Different elements emit different wavelengths of light to return to their respective ground states, so the colours of the tubes are varied.
• These colours can be used to produce atomic emission spectra of the elements electrically excited.
• Using known values of emission spectra, one can perform a similar discharge test on an unknown gas, gather an emission spectrum from it, and determine which elements are in the unknown gas.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 3 i.e. ​The particles of matter are rigid and fixed.

Key Points

Particles of the matter :

• When we put ink in water and increase the dilution by adding more water in the solution of ink and water, the particles of the solution gets very, very small.
• In another case, by adding 50 grams of sugar in the sugar solution, the volume of water has not increased.
• The fact that there is no change in volume on dissolving sugar in the water tells us that there are spaces between the particles of water.
• The particles in water are not tightly packed, they are somewhat loose, having spaces between them.
• When we light the fragrance stick in a room, the smell of it reaches away too far. This shows that the particles of gases are constantly moving.
• There are some forces of attraction between the particle of matter which bind them together.
• The force of attraction between the particles of the same substance is known as cohesion.
• The force of attraction is maximum in the particles of solid matter and minimum in the particles of gaseous matter.

The correct answer is Non-combustible.

• Hydrogen and helium are the most commonly used lift gases.
• Although helium is twice as heavy as (diatomic) hydrogen, they are both so much lighter than air that this difference is inconsequential.
• Helium is the second lightest gas. For that reason, it is an attractive gas for lifting as well.
  • A major advantage is that this gas is Non-combustible.
  • Today helium is used instead of hydrogen since it is inert so non-flammable which makes things a lot safer. Hydrogen can ignite very easily when mixed with the oxygen of the surrounding air.

Key Points

• Hydrogen:
  • Hydrogen gas consists of Hydrogen molecules.
  • The molecule consists of two atoms.
  • The atom has only one electron.
  • The nucleus of the hydrogen atom consists of only one proton.
• Helium:
  • Helium is the second lightest atom.
  • One nucleus of a Helium atom consists of two protons and two neutrons.
  • Helium atoms do not combine into molecules.
  • That is why it is called an inert gas, which consists of free atoms.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. By absorbing radiating heat energy.

• The First law of thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
• In a phase change, the heat added or release helps in the phase change process and the temperature and pressure remain the same.
• The phase change occurs mainly between the 3 phases solid, liquid and gas and the transition occur due to exchange of energy which occurs through radiation.
• The amount of radiation energy is calculated by the Stefan-Boltzman's Law. 

The correct answer is Latent heat.

• The heat released at the time of condensation is called Latent heat.

Key Points

• Latent heat:
  • Latent heat is defined as the energy that is absorbed or released during a phase change of a substance.
• ​Latent heat of condensation:
  • The conversion of water vapour into the water which is caused by the loss of heat called Latent heat condensation.
  • Condensation depends upon the amount of cooling and the relative humidity of the air.

Additional Information

• Humidity:
  • Humidity is defined as the concentration of water vapour present in the air. 
• Evaporation:
  • Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapour.
• Sublimation:
  • Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas state, without passing through the intermediate liquid state.

The correct answer is Nitrogen.

Key Points

• Bulbs are filled with chemically inactive gases like Nitrogen or Argon to prevent the oxidation of the tungsten filament used in the bulb.
• About Nitrogen:
  • It is a chemical element with the atomic number 7 and is denoted by the symbol (N).
  • Nitrogen gas constitutes 78 % of the Earth's Air.
  • Nitrogen is odorless, colorless, and generally considered an Inert Gas in Nature.
  • Nitrogen was discovered by chemist and physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772.
• ​

Additional Information

• Hydrogen:
  • The atomic number is 1 and is denoted by the symbol (H).
  • It was discovered by Henry Cavendish.
• Carbon dioxide:
  • The atomic number is 6 and is denoted by the symbol (CO₂).
  • It was discovered by Joseph Black.
• Halogens:​
  • Halogens are non-metals that do not exist in elemental forms. 
  • For example - Bromine, chlorine, fluorine, iodine etc. 

The correct answer is ​Sublimation.

Sublimation is a change in a state of matter, just like melting, freezing, and evaporation. Through sublimation, a substance changes from a solid to a gas without ever passing through a liquid phase.

Example: Dry ice, solid CO2, Naphthalene.