Indian Geography MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Indian Geography - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Godavari.

Key Points

• The Godavari River rises from Trimbakeshwar in the Nashik district of Maharashtra.
• It is also known as the Dakshin Ganga.
• It is the second-longest river in India.
• Dams on the Godavari river are - Polavaram Dam (Andhra Pradesh), and Pochampad Dam (Telangana).
• Tributaries of Godavari are Pranhita, Pravara, the Purna, the Manjra, and the Penganga.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Bhutan and Meghalaya.

Key Points

• Bhutan shares its borders with four Indian states: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal, and Sikkim.
• Meghalaya is a state in northeastern India that shares its borders with Assam and Bangladesh but does not share a border with Bhutan.
• Bhutan is a landlocked country located in the Eastern Himalayas and is bordered by India to the south and China to the north.
• Meghalaya, known as the "Abode of Clouds," is one of the seven northeastern states of India and is famous for its rich biodiversity and unique cultural heritage.

Additional Information

• Bhutan:
  • Bhutan is a small, landlocked country in South Asia located in the Eastern Himalayas.
  • It is bordered by India to the south, east, and west, and China to the north.
  • Bhutan's capital and largest city is Thimphu.
  • The country is known for its monasteries, fortresses (or dzongs), and dramatic landscapes that range from subtropical plains to steep mountains and valleys.
• Meghalaya:
  • Meghalaya is a state in northeastern India.
  • The name means "the abode of clouds" in Sanskrit.
  • Meghalaya covers an area of approximately 22,430 square kilometers.
  • The state is known for its high rainfall, subtropical forests, and biodiversity.
• Arunachal Pradesh:
  • Arunachal Pradesh is a state in northeastern India.
  • It borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south, and shares international borders with Bhutan to the west, Myanmar to the east, and China to the north.
  • It is known as the "Land of the Rising Sun" in India due to its easternmost location.
• Assam:
  • Assam is a state in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys.
  • It is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north, Nagaland and Manipur to the east, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram, and Bangladesh to the south, and West Bengal to the west.
  • Dispur, a suburb of Guwahati, is the state capital of Assam.
• West Bengal:
  • West Bengal is a state in the eastern region of India along the Bay of Bengal.
  • It shares international borders with Bangladesh in the east, Nepal, and Bhutan in the north, and borders the Indian states of Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, Sikkim, and Assam.
  • Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) is the capital of West Bengal.

The correct answer is 4%.

Key Points

• India's share in the world's water resources is 0.04 or 4%.
  • It accounts for 18% of the world's population.
  • It accounts for about 2.45 per cent of world’s
    surface area.
  • The total water available from
    precipitation in the country in a year is about
    4,000 cubic km.
• India is one of the most water-stressed countries in the world, with a rapidly growing population and increasing demand for water.
• The major rivers in India are the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Indus, which are all shared with neighboring countries like China, Nepal, and Pakistan, leading to water sharing disputes.

Additional Information

• There is an ample supply of water worldwide, making it a cyclical resource.
  • Water covers roughly 71% of the earth's surface but fresh water makes up only approximately 3 percent of all water.
• Climate change is exacerbating water scarcity in India, with irregular monsoons and increasing temperatures leading to droughts and reduced availability of water.
• India is working towards increasing water conservation efforts and improving water management to ensure sustainable use of its limited water resources.
• There are four major sources of surface water: rivers, lakes, ponds, and tanks.
• The groundwater utilisation is very high in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu.

The correct answer is Wetlands.

Key Points

• The Ramsar Convention, signed in 1971 in the Iranian city of Ramsar, is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands.
• Its mission is to ensure the protection of wetlands and their resources to prevent their degradation globally.
• Wetlands of international importance are designated as Ramsar Sites, with over 2,400 sites identified globally as of 2023.
• India is a signatory to the Ramsar Convention and has 75 Ramsar Sites, such as Chilika Lake (Odisha) and Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan), as of 2023.
• The convention highlights the ecological and economic importance of wetlands, such as their role in water purification, flood control, and biodiversity conservation.

Additional Information

• Definition of Wetlands:
  • Wetlands are areas where water is the primary factor controlling the environment and the associated plant and animal life.
  • They include marshes, swamps, bogs, and shallow water bodies, both natural and artificial.
• Montreux Record:
  • A part of the Ramsar Convention, it is a register of wetlands facing changes in ecological character due to human activities or other factors.
  • Examples of Indian wetlands on the Montreux Record include Loktak Lake (Manipur) and Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan).
• Importance of Wetlands:
  • Wetlands act as natural water purifiers by filtering pollutants.
  • They play a key role in climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration.
  • Wetlands are vital habitats for migratory birds and endangered species.
• World Wetlands Day:
  • Celebrated every year on February 2 to raise global awareness about the importance of wetlands.
  • It marks the date of the adoption of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in 1971.

The correct answer is A sinuous ridge of sorted sediments deposited by meltwater beneath glaciers.

Key Points

• Eskers are long, winding ridges composed of sand and gravel that were deposited by meltwater streams flowing beneath glaciers.
• Unlike moraines, they are well-sorted and stratified due to fluvial deposition.
• They represent former subglacial channels that persisted as ridges after the ice melted.
• Their presence indicates the dynamics of meltwater drainage beneath glaciers during deglaciation.

Additional Information

• Distinction from Moraines: Moraines are unsorted, Eskers are well sorted. Moraines form along ice margins; Eskers form beneath the ice.
• Geological Significance: Eskers help in reconstructing glacial retreat patterns and identifying ancient drainage systems.
• Common in: Canada, Scandinavia, and parts of the Himalayas where past glaciation was extensive.

The correct answer is Godavari.

Key Points

• The Godavari River rises from Trimbakeshwar in the Nashik district of Maharashtra.
• It is also known as the Dakshin Ganga.
• It is the second-longest river in India.
• Dams on the Godavari river are - Polavaram Dam (Andhra Pradesh), and Pochampad Dam (Telangana).
• Tributaries of Godavari are Pranhita, Pravara, the Purna, the Manjra, and the Penganga.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Jackfruit.Key Points

• The national fruit of Bangladesh is the jackfruit.
• Jackfruit is well-suited for Bangladesh's climate and is highly valued for its nutritional content.
• In Bangladesh, jackfruit is known for being delicious, sweet, and juicy. It is commonly used in curries and various dishes.
• Different products are made from jackfruit in Bangladesh, including canned fruit, dried fruit, and pulp.
• A typical jackfruit tree can produce about 150 fruits annually, while some exotic varieties can yield as many as 250 to 500 fruits.
• Jackfruit seeds are a significant source of nutrition, containing high levels of Vitamin B1 and Vitamin B2.
• The seeds are also rich in starch, although they are relatively low in iron and calcium.
• Each jackfruit can contain anywhere from 100 to 500 seeds, which have an oily texture.
• Jackfruit's versatility, low cost, and nutritional value make it the perfect choice as Bangladesh's national fruit.

Additional Information

The correct answer is  Yamuna

Key Points 

• The Yamuna is a river in India.
• It is the largest tributary of the Ganges River.
• It originates from a place called Yamunotri and joins the Ganges at Prayagraj.
• It flows from North to South.
• Notable among its major tributaries are Chambal, Sengar, Choti Indus, Betwa and Ken.
• The major cities on the banks of Yamuna are Delhi and Agra.

The first complete Census was taken in India in 1881.

 Key Points

• A census is an official enumeration of population done periodically. In India, the first census was held in the year 1872.
• The first complete census, however, was taken in the year 1881. Since then, censuses have been held regularly every tenth year.
• The Indian Census is the most comprehensive source of demographic, social and economic data about India. 

The correct answer is Hemant.Key Points

• Hemant is the season that falls between autumn and winter, usually in November and December, according to the traditional Indian seasons.

Additional Information

• Sharad is the season that comes after the monsoon and before Hemant, usually in September and October.
• Shishir is the season that comes after Hemant and before spring, usually in January and February.
• Vasant is the season that comes after Shishir and before summer, usually in March and April.

The correct answer is Margashirsa-Pausa.Key Points

• Hemanta season:-
  • ​It falls in the months of Margashirsa-Pausa according to the Indian calendar.
  • Hemanta is one of the six seasons mentioned in the Indian calendar, which is based on the position of the sun
  • Hemanta season is also known as the pre-winter season and is characterized by cool and dry weather.
  • The months of Margashirsa-Pausa fall between November-December and December-January respectively.

Additional Information

• Sravana-Bhadra:-
  • Itis a combination of two months in the Indian calendar and falls during the monsoon season (July-August/ August-September).
• Chaitra-Vaisakha:-
  • It is the period between March-April and April-May and marks the beginning of the spring season.
• Jyaistha-Asadha:-
  • It is the period between May-June and June-July and marks the beginning of the summer season.

The correct answer is Chaitra-Vaisakha.

Key Points

• Indian Calendar:-
  • It is also known as the "Saka calendar" or "Saka Samvat," which serves official and legislative purposes and is used alongside the Gregorian calendar.
  • This calendar was introduced by the Calendar Committee in 1957, chaired by Meghnad Saha.
  • The Saka calendar begins with the vernal (Spring) equinox of 78 Common Era (CE), designates its era as Saka Era, and counts years in that era.
  • Chaitra is the first month of the year, and Phalguna is the last, aligning with the solar agricultural cycles.
  • Vasanta Season falls in Chaitra-Vaisakha.

Additional Information

• The months of the Indian National Calendar (Saka Samvat) are as follows:
  • Chaitra (March 22 to April 21)
  • Vaishakha (April 21 to May 22)
  • Jyaistha (May 22 to June 22)
  • Ashadha (June 22 to July 23)
  • Shravana (July 23 to August 23)
  • Bhadra (August 23 to September 23)
  • Ashwin (September 23 to October 23)
  • Kartika (October 23 to November 22)
  • Agrahayana (November 22 to December 22)
  • Pausha (December 22 to January 21)
  • Magha (January 21 to February 20)
  • Phalguna (February 20 to March 21)

The correct answer is use of more labour and capital inputs on the given land under cultivation.

Key Points

• Intensive agriculture, also known as intensive farming, maximizes agricultural production from a given area of land using higher inputs of labour, machinery, and other farming resources.
• This method represents a stark contrast to extensive farming, where the land is used more broadly with less management or fewer inputs per unit area.
• Intensive agriculture uses practices like irrigation, advanced fertilizers, and other technological inputs to generate a high output per unit of land, making it well-suited for regions with high population density where land is in short supply.
• The aim of this agricultural practice is to grow plentiful crops and raise large numbers of animals cheaply and rapidly, which often leads to higher environmental impact compared to less intensive farming systems.

Additional Information

•  Extensive Farming:
  • Extensive farming is characterized by low inputs of labour and capital per unit area of land.
  • This farming method is traditionally used in regions with low agricultural productivity, such as remote, mountainous, or dry regions, where arable land is abundant.
  • It has less of an impact on the environment per unit of area compared to intensive farming, as it tends not to employ large amounts of harmful fertilizers or pesticides.
  • However, it usually generates less production per unit of land, which can be a potential downside in areas where the population is growing and food demand is high.
• Mechanized Farming:
  • Mechanized farming is characterized by the use of machinery for various farming operations, replacing traditional manual and animal labour.
  • This type of farming is usually employed in developed countries and in places where the cost of labour is high or labour is scarce.
  • Mechanized farming significantly increases the efficiency and productivity of the land, making large-scale farming feasible.
  • On the downside, it requires significant investment in machinery, which can be a barrier for small-scale farmers.
• Diversified Farming:
  • Diversified farming involves growing a variety of crops or raising various types of livestock on the same farm to maximize output and reduce risk.
  • This type of agriculture provides a variety of products, promoting food security, and can help to safeguard against the failure of a single crop or livestock.
  • Diversified farming can be beneficial to the environment, promoting biodiversity and reducing the need for chemical inputs as different plants and livestock can help to control pests and replenish soil nutrients.
  • However, it can require more labour, knowledge, and management compared to monocultures due to the complexity of farming multiple crops or livestock types.

Key Points

Tropic of cancer: 

• Tropic of Cancer is an imaginary line that is at an angle of 23.50º.
• It is North of the Equator, which passes through the middle of India.
• There are 17 countries (Including Taiwan) through which the tropic of cancer passes.
• North America Bahamas (Archipelago), Mexico Africa Egypt, Libya, Niger, Algeria, Mali, Western Sahara, Mauritania Asia Taiwan, China, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia.
• Water Bodies: Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Taiwan Strait, Red Sea, Gulf of Mexico.

Important Points 

Tropic of Cancer and India:

The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight states in India:

• Gujarat (Jasdan)
• Rajasthan (Kalinjarh)
• Madhya Pradesh (Shajapur)
• Chhattisgarh (Sonhat)
• Jharkhand (Lohardaga)
• West Bengal (Krishnanagar)
• Tripura (Udaipur)
• Mizoram (Champhai)
• Tropic of Cancer crosses Mahi River twice, first in Madhya Pradesh from where it flows towards Rajasthan and enters Gujarat where it cuts for the second time.
• The city nearest to the tropic of cancer in India is Udaipur city in Tripura.

Thus, the tropic of Cancer passes through Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand

The correct answer is Autumn.

Key Points

•  Autumn's retreating/post-monsoon season and the transitional months of October and November coincide with the sun's passage southward. The low-pressure trough across the northern plains, known as the monsoon trough, weakens.
  • High-pressure system gradually replaces this.
  • The southwest monsoon winds begin to wane and ultimately wither away.
  • The monsoon leaves the Northern Plains at the start of October.
  • Mid-November through mid-March is the period of time when it is cold.
  • Mid-March through May is the hot weather season.
  • June through September is the southwest monsoon season.
  • Fall monsoons, from mid-October through mid-November.

Additional Information

•  In India, there are four distinct seasons:
  • Cold Weather Season (Winter) from December to February.
  • Hot Weather Season (Summer) from March to May.
  • South-West Monsoon Season (Rainy) from June to September.
  • Season of Retreating Monsoon (Autumn) from October and November.