Construction Management MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Construction Management - Download Free PDF

Explanation:

Estimation

• Involves calculating the probable cost of a proposed project before actual work begins.

• It covers all aspects like material costs, labor charges, equipment, overheads, and contingencies.

• A good estimate helps in budgeting, financing, and decision-making for both client and contractor.

Planning

• The process of setting project objectives and determining the steps, timelines, and resources needed to achieve those objectives.

• Includes scheduling activities, managing resources, and anticipating risks to ensure timely project delivery.

• Forms the backbone of project management and control.

Additional Information Quality Control

• Involves testing materials, processes, and end-products to ensure they meet specified quality standards.

• Helps detect defects early and ensures compliance with design specifications and safety regulations.

• Essential for maintaining performance and reliability of the structure.

Designing

• The scientific process of calculating load requirements, selecting materials, and defining structural systems so the finished structure can withstand all service and extreme loads.

• Involves creating detailed drawings, specifications, and analysis reports.

• Ensures safety, functionality, and economy in structural systems.

Explanation:

The First Stage of a Construction Process

• The first stage of a construction process is initiation of the proposal.

• The initiation of the proposal involves the conceptualization and planning of the project.

• It is the stage where the basic idea of the project is defined and its feasibility is assessed.

• This is crucial as it lays the foundation for subsequent stages such as site survey, estimation, and tender preparation.

• The proposal initiation ensures that there is clarity on the project's objectives and scope.

• It is the stage where initial documentation is prepared, outlining the purpose, expected outcomes, and resources needed.

• This step is essential for obtaining approvals from stakeholders or authorities before proceeding further.

• While other stages like site survey, estimate preparation, and tender creation are important, they are performed after the proposal initiation.

• Hence, the correct answer to this question is Option 3: Initiation of the Proposal.

Explanation:

The Minimum Number of Members in a Private Company:

A private company is defined under the Companies Act as a type of business entity that has restrictions on the transferability of shares and limits the number of shareholders. The minimum number of members required to form a private company is 2, as per the legal provisions.

Analyzing the Given Options:

1. "Option 1: 2 Members" (Correct Answer)

   • The Companies Act mandates at least 2 members for a private company.

   • This satisfies the legal requirement, making Option 1 the correct answer.

2. "Option 2: 5 Members" (Incorrect Answer)

   • While a public company requires 7 members, private companies need only 2 members.

   • Thus, Option 2 is invalid.

3. "Option 3: 7 Members" (Incorrect Answer)

   • 7 members are required to form a public company, not a private company.

   • Hence, Option 3 is incorrect.

4. "Option 4: 10 Members" (Incorrect Answer)

   • There is no requirement for 10 members in a private company under the Companies Act.

   • Thus, Option 4 is invalid.

5. "Option 5: Not Applicable" (Incorrect Answer)

   • This option does not align with the legal requirement of 2 members for a private company.

   • Hence, Option 5 is incorrect.

Explanation:

The Father of Principles of Management

The principles of management were introduced by Henry Fayol, who is widely regarded as the father of modern management. Fayol's contributions laid the foundation for understanding organizational structures and management functions.

• Henry Fayol developed 14 principles of management.

• These principles include division of work, authority, discipline, unity of command, among others.

Analyzing the Given Options

1. "Mary Parkett" (Incorrect)

   • Mary Parkett was not associated with the development of management principles.

2. "Lillian Gilbert" (Incorrect)

   • Lillian Gilbert contributed to industrial psychology and motion studies, not management principles.

3. "Henry Fayol" (Correct)

   • Henry Fayol is considered the father of modern management due to his systematic approach and the formulation of management principles.

   • His principles revolutionized how organizations are managed and structured.

4. "Elton Mayo" (Incorrect)

   • Elton Mayo is known for his contributions to human relations theory and the Hawthorne Studies, not principles of management.

Final Answer:

The correct answer is Option 3: Henry Fayol.

Explanation:

Control Chart Interpretation in Construction Quality Management

In construction quality management, control charts are used to monitor the quality of materials like concrete. When consecutive points fall outside the control limits, it indicates a potential issue that needs to be addressed promptly to ensure the quality and safety of the structure.

Analyzing the Given Options

1. "Perform recalibration of the testing equipment without halting the production process." (Not Recommended)

   • Recalibrating the testing equipment is important, but doing so without halting production may not address the immediate quality issue of the concrete being produced.

2. "Continue production without any changes, considering these as random variations." (Not Recommended)

   • Ignoring the consecutive points outside control limits can lead to compromised structural integrity if the variations are not random but due to a systemic issue.

3. "Stop production immediately and investigate the potential causes of variation." (Recommended)

   • Halting production ensures no further potentially defective concrete is used. Investigating the causes helps identify and correct the underlying issues, ensuring the concrete meets the required strength.

4. "Increase the control limits to include the new data points and continue monitoring." (Not Recommended)

   • Increasing the control limits without addressing the root cause of the variations can mask the problem, potentially leading to structural failures.

Conclusion

The best course of action is to stop production immediately and investigate the potential causes of variation, ensuring the concrete meets the specified strength requirements with a high level of confidence.

lump sum contract: If scope of construction work is well-defined with all its drawings, specification quantities and estimates, then lump sum contract is used.

Percentage rate: Contractor arranges equipment and resources which paid by owner with certain percentage of construction(say 15%).

Item rate contract: contractors are required to quote rates for individual items of work on the basis of the schedule of quantities furnished by the client’s department. Indian Railways and many Public Sector units use this method of contracts.

Piece work: Contractor are paid with fixed piece rate of certain item.

Explanation:

∵ Contractor agreed to build 30 sheds in 90 days

means 1 shed complete in 3 days 

Price of 1 shed is Rs. 10000

So, 8 Shed complete in 24 days while contractor take only 20 days means the project is time under run.

Price of 8 shed = 8 × 10000 = 80000, whlie contractor has finished 8 shed with an actual cost of Rs. 85000 means the project is cost overrun.

Concept:

Valuation:

It is the technique of estimation or determining the fair price or value of the property such as building, a factory, other engineering structures of various types, land, etc. By valuation, the present value of a property is defined.

Rental Method of Valuation:

The capitalized value of the property is worked out as under:

Net Rent = Gross Rent - Outgoings

Capitalized Value = Net Rent \(\times\) Year's Purchase

Year's Purchase(YP):

It is defined as the capital sum required to be invested in order to receive an annuity of Re 1.00 at a certain rate of interest.

\(YP = {1 \over (i+S)} or{1 \over (i)} \)

Where  i = rate of interest, and S = Sinking fund coefficient

Calculation:

Gross Rent = 1,000 per month

Gross Rent = 1000 \(\times\) 12 = 12000 per year

Outgoings =  20% of the gross rent = 12000 \(\times\) 0.20 = 2400

Net Rent = Gross Rent - Outgoings = 12000 - 2400 = 9600

Year's Purchase(YP)

i = 10%

\(YP = {1 \over (i+S)} or{1 \over (i)} = {1 \over 0.10}\) = 10

Capitalized Value = Net Rent \(\times\) Year's Purchase = 9600 \(\times\) 10 = 96000

Capitalized Value = Rs 96,000

Concept:

Shoring is the temporary support which is provided to improve the lateral strength of walls during repairs.

Types of shoring:

1. Raking Shores: In this method, inclined members, called rakers are used to give lateral support to the wall.

2. Flying Shores: Flying shores are a support system which provides horizontal support to two parallel party walls when removal or collapse of the intermediate building takes place.

3. Dead Shores: Dead shore is temporary structure erected to increase the size of opening in an existing wall

Concept:

Muster Roll:

• Muster Roll is used for keeping a complete record of attendance, payment made, unpaid wages, and work done by daily labour engaged in the execution of works.
• It is the basic records of payment made to daily labour. After the payment is made, the muster roll is kept as a voucher. It is very important to record and strictly in accordance with the rules.

Muster Roll consists of the following three parts:

• Part -1 (Nominal Roll) - In this part of the Muster Roll full information about the labour employed is recorded and daily attendance of the labour is marked.
• Part -2 (Register of arrears of wages due to Worked People) - This part of the muster group is used for keeping a record of all unpaid wages.
• Part -3 (Details of measurement of work done by labour) - This part of the muster group is used for full particulars of the work done and the reference to pages and nos of the measurement book are recorded.

Measurement Books:

• The measurement book is a most important record since it is the basis of all accounts and quantities whether the work is done by daily labour, piece work, schedule contract, lump-sum contract, or of materials received.
• It is the original record of actual measurements or accounts and forms a reliable record as it may have to be produced as evidence in the court of law. 

Note:

Mild steel has carbon content upto 0.3%.

Strainless steel has 10-20% chromium as a main alloy in their composition.

Cast iron has more than 2% carbon content.

Explanation:

Cost planning 

• Cost planning is a subset of project management that focuses on estimating and allocating costs for various activities within a project.
• It involves identifying and quantifying all costs associated with the project, providing a basis for budgeting and resource allocation.
• In construction projects, cost planning is vital for determining the budget required for different phases, ensuring that resources are allocated appropriately throughout the project lifecycle.

Additional InformationFinancial planning

• Financial planning involves the process of assessing an individual's or organization's financial goals and creating a strategy to achieve those goals.
• It includes activities such as budgeting, saving, investing, risk management, and overall financial decision-making.
• While financial planning is critical for the success of any project, it may not explicitly focus on the detailed allocation of costs across different stages of construction.

Cost determination 

• Cost determination refers to the process of assessing and calculating the actual costs incurred for specific project activities or deliverables.
• It involves analyzing direct and indirect costs to determine the total expenditure on a particular aspect of the project.
• While crucial for financial control, cost determination is retrospective and focuses on evaluating actual costs rather than the upfront planning and allocation of costs.

Budget planning  

• Budget planning is the process of creating a detailed financial plan that outlines expected revenues and expenses for a specific period or project.
• It includes developing a comprehensive budget that aligns with the goals and objectives of the project or organization.
• Budget planning provides an overall financial framework for the project but may not necessarily break down costs into specific stages or activities. It sets the financial constraints within which the project must operate.

Explanation:

Earnest money deposit:

• It is a small refundable fee collected by the department from each bidder to ensure that a Bidder does not submit a Dummy Bid or back out at the time of tender opening.
• It is always in form of a Demand Draft & cheques or cash are strictly not allowed
• It is returned when all Bids are opened & tender is awarded to another firm.
• It is generally 2% of the Tender Value.
• After the Bid is opened, if a Bidder refuses to take the contract, then his EMD is forfeited.

Security deposit:

• It is the amount of money that has to deposited with the Buyer once the tender is awarded to a Bidder to ensure that if he does not complete the task as per the work order, the Buyer can recover the loss by forfeiting his Security Deposit.
• It can be in form of a Bank Guarantee, National savings certificates, Cash, etc.
• When the Winning Bidders make the Security Deposit, he gets his EMD Back.
• It is generally 10% of the Tender Value.

Caution money:

• It is the amount of money that someone has to pay when they rent property, use a service, etc. which will not be returned if they damage something or owe money at the end of their contract.

Bank guarantee:

• It is a written contract given by a bank on the behalf of a customer that undertakes to pay or discharge the liability of the debtor in case of any default.

Calculation:

Case 1: Consider Normal duration:

Critical activities = 1-2-3-4

Total normal duration of the project = Sum of normal durations of each activity on critical path = 14 days

Case 2: Consider crash duration:

Critical activities = 1-2-3-4

Total minimum duration of the project = Sum of crash duration of each activity on critical path = 9 days