Connection Schemes of Distribution System MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Connection Schemes of Distribution System - Download Free PDF

Explanation:

Interconnector:

Definition: An interconnector is a conductor that is used to connect distant points of a distributor in an electrical system. Its primary function is to reduce voltage drops across various sections of the electrical network, ensuring that the voltage levels remain consistent throughout the system.

Working Principle: In an electrical distribution system, voltage drops can occur due to the resistance of the conductors. These drops can lead to inefficient operation of electrical equipment and potential damage. By using interconnectors, distant points of the distributor are joined, effectively reducing the overall resistance and minimizing voltage drops. This results in a more stable and reliable electrical supply.

Advantages:

• Reduces voltage drops, ensuring consistent voltage levels throughout the distribution network.
• Improves the efficiency and reliability of the electrical system.
• Helps in maintaining the quality of power supply to end users.

Disadvantages:

• Additional cost of installing interconnectors in the distribution network.
• Complexity in the design and maintenance of the interconnected network.

Applications: Interconnectors are commonly used in large electrical distribution networks, such as those in urban areas, industrial complexes, and power transmission systems, where maintaining consistent voltage levels is crucial.

Correct Option Analysis:

The correct option is:

Option 4: Interconnector.

This option correctly identifies the conductor used to join distant points of the distributor to reduce voltage drops. The interconnector plays a vital role in ensuring that voltage levels remain consistent across the distribution network, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of the electrical system.

Additional Information

To further understand the analysis, let’s evaluate the other options:

Option 1: Isolator.

An isolator is a mechanical switch that isolates a part of the circuit from the system as needed for maintenance or fault clearance. It is not used for reducing voltage drops but to ensure safety by disconnecting electrical circuits when required.

Option 2: Separator.

A separator is typically used in batteries or other electrical devices to keep components apart while allowing the flow of ions or current. It does not refer to a conductor used in electrical distribution networks to reduce voltage drops.

Option 3: Differentiator.

A differentiator is an electronic circuit used in signal processing to produce an output that is proportional to the rate of change of the input signal. It is not related to electrical distribution networks or the reduction of voltage drops.

Conclusion:

Understanding the role of an interconnector in an electrical distribution network is essential for maintaining consistent voltage levels and ensuring the efficient operation of the system. While other components like isolators, separators, and differentiators serve specific purposes in electrical and electronic systems, they do not address the issue of voltage drops in distribution networks. The use of interconnectors is a practical solution for this problem, making them an indispensable part of modern electrical infrastructure.

Ring distribution system with interconnector:

• The ring main system is used to supply a large area and hence voltage drop across the various sections may become large.
• Hence to compensate for such excessive voltage drops, the distant points of the ring distributor are joined together by a conductor. This is called an interconnector.

​Booster:

• A voltage booster transformer in the transmission line is used towards the end of a power line to raise the voltage to the desired value.
• It is used for controlling the voltage of a feeder at a point far away from the main transformer.

Surge Diverter:

• A surge diverter is a piece of equipment that diverts excess voltages on the transmission line to earth, thus protecting sensitive electrical and electronic equipment.
• It is used to prevent ground faults and short circuits in power lines caused by lightning or switching overvoltages.

Buffer:

• Transmission line buffers are the area below and around the transmission lines in which activities that are incompatible with the safe and efficient operation of the national electricity transmission network are avoided.

Classification of Distribution Systems:

A distribution system may be classified according to;
(1) Nature of current: 

According to the nature of the current, the distribution system may be classified as:

• D.C. distribution system
• A.C. distribution system

Note: The alternating current (AC) distribution system has largely replaced direct current (DC) in recent years due to its ease of use and lower cost.

(2) Type of construction:

According to the type of construction, the distribution system may be classified as:

• Overhead system
• Underground system

Note: 

• For distribution, the overhead system is often used since it is 5 to 10 times less expensive than the subterranean system of same capacity.
• In general, the subterranean system is employed in areas where it is impossible or illegal to build using an above-ground system.

Classification of Distribution Systems:

A distribution system may be classified according to;
(1) Nature of current: 

According to the nature of the current, the distribution system may be classified as:

• D.C. distribution system
• A.C. distribution system

Note: The alternating current (AC) distribution system has largely replaced direct current (DC) in recent years due to its ease of use and lower cost.

(2) Type of construction:

According to the type of construction, the distribution system may be classified as:

• Overhead system
• Underground system

Note: 

• For distribution, the overhead system is often used since it is 5 to 10 times less expensive than the subterranean system of same capacity.
• In general, the subterranean system is employed in areas where it is impossible or illegal to build using an above-ground system.

Ring distribution system with interconnector:

• The ring main system is used to supply a large area and hence voltage drop across the various sections may become large.
• Hence to compensate for such excessive voltage drops, the distant points of the ring distributor are joined together by a conductor. This is called an interconnector.

​Booster:

• A voltage booster transformer in the transmission line is used towards the end of a power line to raise the voltage to the desired value.
• It is used for controlling the voltage of a feeder at a point far away from the main transformer.

Surge Diverter:

• A surge diverter is a piece of equipment that diverts excess voltages on the transmission line to earth, thus protecting sensitive electrical and electronic equipment.
• It is used to prevent ground faults and short circuits in power lines caused by lightning or switching overvoltages.

Buffer:

• Transmission line buffers are the area below and around the transmission lines in which activities that are incompatible with the safe and efficient operation of the national electricity transmission network are avoided.

Explanation:

Interconnector:

Definition: An interconnector is a conductor that is used to connect distant points of a distributor in an electrical system. Its primary function is to reduce voltage drops across various sections of the electrical network, ensuring that the voltage levels remain consistent throughout the system.

Working Principle: In an electrical distribution system, voltage drops can occur due to the resistance of the conductors. These drops can lead to inefficient operation of electrical equipment and potential damage. By using interconnectors, distant points of the distributor are joined, effectively reducing the overall resistance and minimizing voltage drops. This results in a more stable and reliable electrical supply.

Advantages:

• Reduces voltage drops, ensuring consistent voltage levels throughout the distribution network.
• Improves the efficiency and reliability of the electrical system.
• Helps in maintaining the quality of power supply to end users.

Disadvantages:

• Additional cost of installing interconnectors in the distribution network.
• Complexity in the design and maintenance of the interconnected network.

Applications: Interconnectors are commonly used in large electrical distribution networks, such as those in urban areas, industrial complexes, and power transmission systems, where maintaining consistent voltage levels is crucial.

Correct Option Analysis:

The correct option is:

Option 4: Interconnector.

This option correctly identifies the conductor used to join distant points of the distributor to reduce voltage drops. The interconnector plays a vital role in ensuring that voltage levels remain consistent across the distribution network, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of the electrical system.

Additional Information

To further understand the analysis, let’s evaluate the other options:

Option 1: Isolator.

An isolator is a mechanical switch that isolates a part of the circuit from the system as needed for maintenance or fault clearance. It is not used for reducing voltage drops but to ensure safety by disconnecting electrical circuits when required.

Option 2: Separator.

A separator is typically used in batteries or other electrical devices to keep components apart while allowing the flow of ions or current. It does not refer to a conductor used in electrical distribution networks to reduce voltage drops.

Option 3: Differentiator.

A differentiator is an electronic circuit used in signal processing to produce an output that is proportional to the rate of change of the input signal. It is not related to electrical distribution networks or the reduction of voltage drops.

Conclusion:

Understanding the role of an interconnector in an electrical distribution network is essential for maintaining consistent voltage levels and ensuring the efficient operation of the system. While other components like isolators, separators, and differentiators serve specific purposes in electrical and electronic systems, they do not address the issue of voltage drops in distribution networks. The use of interconnectors is a practical solution for this problem, making them an indispensable part of modern electrical infrastructure.

Classification of Distribution Systems:

A distribution system may be classified according to;
(1) Nature of current: 

According to the nature of the current, the distribution system may be classified as:

• D.C. distribution system
• A.C. distribution system

Note: The alternating current (AC) distribution system has largely replaced direct current (DC) in recent years due to its ease of use and lower cost.

(2) Type of construction:

According to the type of construction, the distribution system may be classified as:

• Overhead system
• Underground system

Note: 

• For distribution, the overhead system is often used since it is 5 to 10 times less expensive than the subterranean system of same capacity.
• In general, the subterranean system is employed in areas where it is impossible or illegal to build using an above-ground system.

Ring distribution system with interconnector:

• The ring main system is used to supply a large area and hence voltage drop across the various sections may become large.
• Hence to compensate for such excessive voltage drops, the distant points of the ring distributor are joined together by a conductor. This is called an interconnector.

​Booster:

• A voltage booster transformer in the transmission line is used towards the end of a power line to raise the voltage to the desired value.
• It is used for controlling the voltage of a feeder at a point far away from the main transformer.

Surge Diverter:

• A surge diverter is a piece of equipment that diverts excess voltages on the transmission line to earth, thus protecting sensitive electrical and electronic equipment.
• It is used to prevent ground faults and short circuits in power lines caused by lightning or switching overvoltages.

Buffer:

• Transmission line buffers are the area below and around the transmission lines in which activities that are incompatible with the safe and efficient operation of the national electricity transmission network are avoided.

Explanation:

Interconnector:

Definition: An interconnector is a conductor that is used to connect distant points of a distributor in an electrical system. Its primary function is to reduce voltage drops across various sections of the electrical network, ensuring that the voltage levels remain consistent throughout the system.

Working Principle: In an electrical distribution system, voltage drops can occur due to the resistance of the conductors. These drops can lead to inefficient operation of electrical equipment and potential damage. By using interconnectors, distant points of the distributor are joined, effectively reducing the overall resistance and minimizing voltage drops. This results in a more stable and reliable electrical supply.

Advantages:

• Reduces voltage drops, ensuring consistent voltage levels throughout the distribution network.
• Improves the efficiency and reliability of the electrical system.
• Helps in maintaining the quality of power supply to end users.

Disadvantages:

• Additional cost of installing interconnectors in the distribution network.
• Complexity in the design and maintenance of the interconnected network.

Applications: Interconnectors are commonly used in large electrical distribution networks, such as those in urban areas, industrial complexes, and power transmission systems, where maintaining consistent voltage levels is crucial.

Correct Option Analysis:

The correct option is:

Option 4: Interconnector.

This option correctly identifies the conductor used to join distant points of the distributor to reduce voltage drops. The interconnector plays a vital role in ensuring that voltage levels remain consistent across the distribution network, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of the electrical system.

Additional Information

To further understand the analysis, let’s evaluate the other options:

Option 1: Isolator.

An isolator is a mechanical switch that isolates a part of the circuit from the system as needed for maintenance or fault clearance. It is not used for reducing voltage drops but to ensure safety by disconnecting electrical circuits when required.

Option 2: Separator.

A separator is typically used in batteries or other electrical devices to keep components apart while allowing the flow of ions or current. It does not refer to a conductor used in electrical distribution networks to reduce voltage drops.

Option 3: Differentiator.

A differentiator is an electronic circuit used in signal processing to produce an output that is proportional to the rate of change of the input signal. It is not related to electrical distribution networks or the reduction of voltage drops.

Conclusion:

Understanding the role of an interconnector in an electrical distribution network is essential for maintaining consistent voltage levels and ensuring the efficient operation of the system. While other components like isolators, separators, and differentiators serve specific purposes in electrical and electronic systems, they do not address the issue of voltage drops in distribution networks. The use of interconnectors is a practical solution for this problem, making them an indispensable part of modern electrical infrastructure.