Climate Change & Global Warming MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Climate Change & Global Warming - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is - B, A, D, C

Key Points

• Global Warming Potential (GWP)
  • GWP is a measure of how much heat a greenhouse gas traps in the atmosphere over a specific time period, usually 100 years.
  • It compares the amount of heat trapped by a certain mass of the gas to the amount of heat trapped by a similar mass of Carbon dioxide (CO2), which has a GWP of 1.
• Order of GWP from lowest to highest
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) - GWP of 1.
  • Methane (CH4) - GWP of approximately 25.
  • Nitrous oxide (N2O) - GWP of approximately 298.
  • CFC-11 (Chloro Fluoro carbon-11) - GWP of approximately 4,660.

Additional Information

• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
  • Primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activities, mainly through the burning of fossil fuels.
• Methane (CH4)
  • Emitted during the production and transport of coal, oil, and natural gas as well as from livestock and other agricultural practices.
• Nitrous oxide (N2O)
  • Emitted from agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste.
• CFC-11 (Chloro Fluoro carbon-11)
  • Primarily used as a refrigerant and also as a propellant in aerosol sprays, but its use has been largely phased out due to its role in ozone depletion.

The correct answer is - B, C and E Only

Key Points

• National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
  • The NAPCC outlines a comprehensive strategy to address the challenges posed by climate change in India.
  • It includes a set of eight national missions that focus on various aspects of climate adaptation and mitigation.
• National Solar Mission (B)
  • Aims to promote the development and use of solar energy for power generation and other uses.
  • Seeks to establish India as a global leader in solar energy.
• National Water Mission (C)
  • Focuses on the conservation of water, minimizing wastage, and ensuring more equitable distribution.
  • Seeks to improve the efficiency of water use by 20%.
• National Mission for Green India (E)
  • Aims to enhance carbon sinks in sustainably managed forests and other ecosystems.
  • Focuses on protecting, restoring, and enhancing India’s diminishing forest cover.

Additional Information

• Other Missions under NAPCC:
  • National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency
    • Aims to strengthen the market for energy efficiency by creating conducive policy and regulatory regimes.
  • National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
    • Focuses on promoting energy efficiency in urban planning, improving solid waste management and ensuring better urban transport.
  • National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem
    • Seeks to understand the impact of climate change on the Himalayan ecosystem and promote sustainable development in the region.
  • National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
    • Aims to make Indian agriculture more resilient to climate change through the development of climate-resilient crops and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) makes up the vast majority of greenhouse gas emissions from the sector, but smaller amounts of methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) are also emitted. These gases are released during the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, to produce electricity.

According to World Green House Gas Emission Data, the correct sequence of countries in decreasing order of their contribution to global carbon dioxide emissions is China, USA, India, Russia, Japan.

Therefore, the correct matching is C, B, D, A.

The correct answer is - Nitrogen (N₂)

Key Points

• Nitrogen (N₂)
  • Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere.
  • It is an inert gas and does not trap heat in the atmosphere.
  • Nitrogen is not a greenhouse gas and does not contribute to global warming.

Additional Information

• Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
  • Carbon Dioxide is a major greenhouse gas.
  • It significantly contributes to the greenhouse effect and global warming.
• Methane (CH₄)
  • Methane is another potent greenhouse gas, over 25 times more effective in trapping heat than CO₂ over a 100-year period.
  • Sourced from livestock, agriculture, and the decay of organic waste in landfills.
• Nitrous Oxide (N₂O)
  • Nitrous Oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas with a global warming potential 298 times greater than CO₂ over 100 years.
  • Major sources include agricultural and industrial activities, as well as combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste.

The correct answer is - More frequent extreme weather events.

Key Points

• Extreme Weather Events:
  • Global warming leads to an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as hurricanes, heatwaves, droughts, and heavy rainfall.
• Polar Ice Caps and Sea Levels:
  • Contrary to an increase in polar ice caps and a decrease in sea levels, global warming contributes to the melting of polar ice caps and glaciers, which in turn causes a rise in sea levels.
• Greenhouse Gases:
  • Global warming is a result of increased levels of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere, and it does not contribute to a reduction in these gases.

Additional Information

• Other Consequences of Global Warming:
  • Sea Level Rise: Melting ice caps and glaciers contribute to rising sea levels, threatening coastal communities and ecosystems.
  • Ocean Acidification: Increased CO₂ levels result in higher acidity in ocean waters, affecting marine life, especially coral reefs and shellfish.
  • Disruption of Ecosystems: Changing temperatures and weather patterns can shift ecosystems, endangering species that can't adapt quickly enough.
  • Agriculture and Food Security: Altered weather patterns can negatively impact crop yields and food production, leading to potential food shortages.

Important Points

Hence, the correct matching is A - III, B - IV, C - I, D - II.

The correct answer is SO2.

• What is Global warming?
  • Global warming is a gradual increase in the average temperature of the earth’s lower atmosphere as a result of the increase in greenhouse gases as a result of various anthropogenic activities.
• What are Greenhouse gases?
• It is the gas that absorbs earth heat and emits radiant energy making the planet warm.
• Carbon dioxide
• Methane
• Nitrus oxide
• Hydrofluorocarbons
• Perfluorocarbons
• Sulfur hexafluoride

• Water Vapour

• The Kyoto Protocol covers six greenhouse gases. 

1. Carbon dioxide
2. Methane
3. Nitrus oxide
4. Hydrofluorocarbons
5. Perfluorocarbons
6. Sulfur hexafluoride

• Kyoto Protocol
  • It is the first significant step toward the reduction of greenhouse gases.
  • It commits industrialized countries to stabilize greenhouse gases.
  • The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005

SO2  is the indirect greenhouse gas as compared to other gases mentioned in the Question.

Sulfur dioxide, coupled with “elemental carbon emissions,” contributes to the formation of aerosols, which indirectly affect warming and cooling in the earth’s atmosphere. Hence, it is the best suitable option to mark the as the correct answer.

The correct answer is Refrigerants.

Key Points

• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are gases used for a variety of purposes, including solvents, refrigerants, and aerosol sprays. They are organic chemicals and contain carbon, chlorine and fluorine.
  • CFCs are used in a variety of applications due to their low toxicity, reactivity and flammability.
  • Its uses include refrigerants, blowing agents, propellants in medicinal applications, and reducing solvents.
  • CFCs are a group of odorless manufactured chemicals.
  • Chlorofluorocarbons have a direct impact on the entire environment.
  • An example of a refrigerant CFC is dichlorodifluoromethane.​

Additional Information

• Ozone Depletion
  • Ozone depletion is the destruction of stratospheric ozone by free radicals like chlorine, bromine when they reach the upper atmosphere.
  • The UV radiations break down the Chlorine molecules into Chlorine atoms. These Chlorine atoms combine with Oxygen atoms broken from Ozone molecules to form CIO molecules leaving fewer amounts of Oxygen atoms to form Ozone again.
  • The causes for ozone depletion are free radicals like, chlorine and bromine which are called Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS).
  • Natural processes like volcanic eruptions also contribute to ozone depletion by the release of aerosols.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) makes up the vast majority of greenhouse gas emissions from the sector, but smaller amounts of methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) are also emitted. These gases are released during the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, to produce electricity.

According to World Green House Gas Emission Data, the correct sequence of countries in decreasing order of their contribution to global carbon dioxide emissions is Asia, North America, Europe, and Africa.

The global emissions (by weight) of the following primary pollutants from natural sources are maximum in the case of Carbon dioxide.

Greenhouse gases:

• They can absorb and emit radiant energy within the thermal infrared range
• Some of the major greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, Methane, CFC, etc.
• Some GHG from industrial sources are,
  • ​Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
  • Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
  • Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
  • Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)
• GHG block the earth's heat going to space by terrestrial radiation
• So this effect traps the heat energy and gradually cause global warming

• GHG emission is an effect of economic activity, energy use, population size, technology, lifestyle, land use patterns, and climate policy.

Share of GHGs in global warming:

1. Carbon dioxide:
   • About 76 percent of global human-caused emissions, carbon dioxide (CO2) sticks around for quite a while.
   • Once it’s emitted into the atmosphere, 40 percent still remains after 100 years, 20 percent after 1,000 years, and 10 percent as long as 10,000 years later.
2. Methane (CH4):
   • It is much more potent in terms of the greenhouse effect.
   • Its global warming impact is 25 times greater than that of carbon dioxide over a 100-year period.
   • Globally it accounts for approximately 16 percent of human-generated greenhouse gas emissions.
3. Nitrous oxide (N2O):
   • It is a powerful greenhouse gas that has a GWP 300 times that of carbon dioxide on a 100-year time scale
   • It accounts for about 6 percent of human-caused greenhouse gas emissions worldwide.
4. Fluorinated gases:
   • These are man-made and mainly generated through industrial activities.
   • hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) are four main fluorinated gases
   • They can trap substantially more heat.
   • CFCs are responsible for Ozone depletion and HFCs ahs high global warming capacity
5. Water vapor:
   • they can absorb more heat
   • They are abandoned in the atmosphere

The correct answer is United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Important Points

• The UNFCCC entered into force on 21 March 1994.
• The 197 countries that have ratified the Convention are called Parties to the Convention.
• The objective of UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases at a level that will prevent dangerous interference with the climate system.
• The UNFCCC is a “Rio Convention”, one of two opened for signature at the “Rio Earth Summit” in 1992 held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Important Points

• The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) has enunciated the launch of a National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem (NMSHE).
• The Mission needs to deliver a better understanding of the coupling between the Himalayan ecosystem and the climate factors and provide inputs for Himalayan Sustainable development while addressing also the protection of a fragile ecosystem.
• This requires the joint effort of climatologists, glaciologists, and other experts.
• Exchange of information with the South Asian countries and countries sharing the Himalayan ecology will also be required.

NMSHE aims to establish an observational and monitoring network for the Himalayan environment to assess freshwater resources and the health of the ecosystem. Additional Information

The mission attempts to address some important issues concerning-

1. Himalayan Glaciers and the associated hydrological consequences,
2. Biodiversity conservation and protection,
3. Wildlife conservation and protection,
4. Traditional knowledge societies and their livelihood and
5. Planning for sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem.

Therefore, the correct answer is National Mission on Sustaining Himalayan Ecosystem.

Explanation:

Global warming:

• It is the long-term heating of Earth's climate system observed since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth's atmosphere. 
• Global warming stresses ecosystems through temperature rises, water shortages, increased fire threats, drought, weed and pest invasions, intense storm damage, and salt invasion, just to name a few. It has a harmful effect on living life as well.4
•  In the troposphere, temperatures typically go down the higher you go.
• Since most of the heat found in the troposphere is generated by the transfer of energy from the Earth’s surface (global warming).

Additional Information

About Layers of the Atmosphere:

• Troposphere: 
  • It is the lowest layer of the atmosphere - in which we live.
  • It contains most of our weather - clouds, rain, snow.
  • The lowest part of the Troposphere is called the boundary layer and the topmost part is called the tropopause.
• Stratosphere:
  • This layer extends upwards from the tropopause to about 50 km.
  • It contains much of the ozone in the atmosphere.
  • The temperature in Stratosphere is highest over the summer pole and lowest over the winter pole.
• Mesosphere:
  • Above the stratosphere is the mesosphere. It extends upward to a height of about 85 km above our planet. Most meteors burn up in the mesosphere.
  • The coldest temperature in the Earth's atmosphere, about -90 °C is found near the top of this layer.
• Thermosphere: 
  • This layer is found above Mesopause from 85 to 800 km.
  • This the warmest layer of the atmosphere. Aurora and satellites occur in this layer.
• Exosphere:
  • ​This is the outermost layer of the atmosphere.
  • It contains mainly oxygen and hydrogen atoms they are so few that they rarely collide.
  • They follow ballistic trajectories under the influence of gravity, and some of them escape directly into space.
• Ionosphere: 
  • The ionosphere is a very active part of the atmosphere.
  • It grows and shrinks depending on the energy it absorbs from the Sun.
  • The name ionosphere comes from the fact that gases in these layers are excited by solar radiation to form ions, which have an electrical charge.
  • It overlaps the mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.

Explanation:

• UV-C Rays are most dangerous because they penetrate the second layer of skin and causes skin cancer.
• The three types of UV rays and their effects are as follows:

• E = hν [ν = frequency]
• E ∝ ν 
• From this equation, you can see that as wavelength increases, the frequency of the wave decreases.
• The energy associated with a wave is directly proportional to its frequency.
• Hence, the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength and the higher the energy of the wave.
• Hence, UV C having a wavelength of 100nm has the highest damaging effect, i.e. more dangerous, when compared to UV A.

​

• Although UV C is more dangerous they do not pass through the Earth's atmosphere.
• It is completely absorbed by the ozone layer.
• UVC radiation can cause severe burns of the skin and eye injuries (photokeratitis).
• These changes occur rapidly when coming in contact with UV C when compared to UV A.

The correct answer is Global warming.

Key Points

• Global warming
  • ​Global warming is the gradual increase in the Earth's temperature due to the greenhouse effect.
  • Global warming is caused by increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
  • This change has disturbed the climate pattern of the Earth.
  • There are many causes of global warming, which have negative effects on humans, plants and animals.

Additional Information

• Causes of Global Warming
  • Man-made- ​Deforestation, Use of Vehicles, Chlorofluorocarbon, Industrial Development and Overpopulation.
  • Natural Causes- Volcanoes, Water Vapour, Melting Permafrost and Forest Blazes etc.
• Effects of Global Warming
  • ​Rise in Temperature.
  • Climate Change.
  • Spread of Diseases.
  • High Mortality Rates.