Chemistry in Everyday Life MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Chemistry in Everyday Life - Download Free PDF

CONCEPT:

Antiulcer Agents

• Antiulcer agents are drugs used to treat ulcers, especially in the stomach and duodenum.
• They work by:
  • Reducing stomach acid production
  • Protecting the stomach lining
  • Neutralizing existing acid
• Common antiulcer drugs include:
  • Ranitidine (brand name: Zantac) – H₂-receptor antagonist
  • Omeprazole – Proton pump inhibitor

EXPLANATION:

• Among the given options:
  • Paracetamol: This is an analgesic and antipyretic drug, used for pain relief and fever reduction. It is not an antiulcer agent.
  • Zantac: This is a brand name for Ranitidine, which is an H2-receptor antagonist and is used as an antiulcer agent. It reduces stomach acid production and helps in healing ulcers.
  • Tolbutamide: This is an antidiabetic drug used to control blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. It is not related to ulcer treatment.

Therefore, the correct answer is Zantac.

CONCEPT:

Bacteriostatic vs Bactericidal Drugs

• Drugs that act against bacteria are called antibacterial agents.
• They are classified as:
  • Bactericidal: Kill bacteria directly (e.g., Penicillin).
  • Bacteriostatic: Inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria, allowing the immune system to eliminate them.
• Bacteriostatic drugs do not kill bacteria immediately but prevent their multiplication.

EXPLANATION:

• Bacteriostatic drugs slow down or stop bacterial growth by interfering with processes like protein synthesis, DNA replication, or metabolism.
• Examples include: Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol, and Sulfonamides.
• This gives the immune system time to clear the infection naturally.

Therefore, a bacteriostatic drug is Inhibits the growth of bacteria.

CONCEPT:

Antibiotics

• Antibiotics are drugs used to treat bacterial infections by either killing bacteria or inhibiting their growth.
• They are ineffective against viral infections and are categorized into various classes based on their mode of action and chemical structure.
• Examples of commonly used antibiotics include Amoxicillin, Penicillin, and Ciprofloxacin.

EXPLANATION:

• Amoxycillin - It is a widely used antibiotic belonging to the penicillin group. It works by preventing the formation of bacterial cell walls.
• Rantidin - It is not an antibiotic; it is used to reduce stomach acid in conditions like acid reflux.
• Dolo - It is not an antibiotic; it is a common pain reliever containing paracetamol.
• Furosemide - It is not an antibiotic; it is a diuretic used to treat fluid retention and high blood pressure.

Since Amoxycillin is the only drug in the list that is classified as an antibiotic, Option 1 is the correct answer.

Therefore, the correct answer is Amoxycillin.

CONCEPT:

Equanil and Its Uses

• Equanil: Equanil (meprobamate) is a medication that is commonly prescribed for the treatment of anxiety, stress, and tension. It works as a sedative and has calming effects on the central nervous system.
• Mechanism of Action: It acts by interacting with the brain to relieve anxiety and muscle tension. It can also have a relaxing effect on the body, helping to reduce symptoms of nervousness.
• Uses of Equanil: While Equanil is generally prescribed for anxiety, it can also be used as an adjunct treatment for depression, especially in cases where stress and emotional tension contribute to the condition. Additionally, it can help manage hypertension when stress exacerbates blood pressure issues.

EXPLANATION:

• Depression and Hypertension: Equanil can be used as part of the treatment plan for depression, particularly when anxiety and stress are significant contributors. It can also help lower stress-induced blood pressure, thereby managing hypertension.
• Anxiety and Stress: While Equanil is often used for anxiety and stress, it is also relevant in managing conditions like depression and hypertension, where stress is a contributing factor.

Based on its properties, Equanil is most appropriate for patients suffering from depression and hypertension, especially when these conditions are exacerbated by anxiety and stress.

Therefore, the correct answer is Depression and hypertension.

CONCEPT:

Blister Copper

• Blister copper is a term used in metallurgy to describe a form of copper that is produced as an intermediate stage in the refining process of copper.
• It is called 'blister copper' because of its characteristic blisters on the surface, which are caused by the release of sulfur dioxide gas during the smelting process.

EXPLANATION:

• Blister copper is not pure copper; it contains impurities.
• It is also not a copper alloy, as it primarily consists of copper with a small percentage of impurities.
• The composition of blister copper is typically around 98-99% copper, with the remaining 1-2% being impurities such as sulfur, iron, and other metals.
• The impurities in blister copper give it a characteristic blistered appearance, which is why it is named so.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4: Cu having 1% impurity.

The correct answer is Antipyretic.

• Antipyretic is a drug that reduces fever.
  • Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to override a prostaglandin-induced increase in temperature.
  • The body then works to lower the temperature, which results in a reduction in fever. 

Additional Information

• Barbiturates are a type of central nervous system (CNS) depressant used to treat insomnia, seizures, and headaches​.
• Antiseptic slows or stops the growth of micro-organisms on external surfaces of the body and helps to prevent infections.
• Antibiotics include a range of powerful drugs that kill bacteria or slow their growth. 
  • They treat bacterial infections. 

The correct answer is Antacid.

• Milk of magnesia is Magnesium hydroxide.
• Formula-: Mg (OH)2.

Key Points

• As an antacid, magnesium hydroxide works by simple neutralization, where the hydroxide ions from the Mg (OH)₂ combine with acidic H⁺ ions produced in the form of hydrochloric acid by parietal cells in the stomach to produce water.
• In Stomach:

  • HCl + H2O à H₃O⁺ + Cl-

    Mg (OH)₂ (s) + 2 H₃O⁺ (aq) = 4 H₂O (l) + Mg²⁺ (aq).

• It thus neutralizes the acid produced in the stomach and works as an Antacid.

• Dirt is the term applied to grease, grime and dust jammed between the fabric structure.
• There are two types of dirt.
• One, which is held loosely onto the fabric and can be removed easily.
• The other, which is held tightly by means of sweat and grease.
• The tightly held grease can be loosened in the steeping process but requires reagents that will act upon the grease to loosen the dirt.
• There are three main methods of removing grease, by the use of solvents, absorbents or emulsifiers.
• When cleaning is done by solvents or absorbents it is called dry cleaning.
• Normal cleaning, washing is done in water with the help of soaps and detergents, which emulsify the grease (break it in to very small particles). 

Dry-cleaning:

• It can be defined as the cleaning of fabrics in a non-aqueous liquid medium.
• The important difference between dry and wet solvents is that while water is absorbed by the fibres.
• This causes shrinkage, wrinkle formation and colour bleeding.
• The dry solvents do not cause fibre swelling.
• Hence dry-cleaning is a safe method for cleaning delicate textiles.
• For dry-cleaning, the most common solvents used are perchloro-ethylene, a petroleum solvent, or a fluorocarbon solvent.
• Dry-cleaning is generally done in industrial establishments and not at the domestic level.

Thus, dry cleaning uses solvents or absorbents for cleaning clothes.

• Soaps and detergents are used in wet or normal cleaning.
• Starch is used to make the fabric firm, smooth and shiny.

The correct answer is Forms lather with soap.

• Soft water can be easily identified by its characteristic of forming lather with soap.

Key Points

• Soft water feels slippery or slimy as if it does not rinse off.
• It can taste salty due to its prevalent sodium content.
• Soap and detergent will not lather up if used in too great a quantity.
• Soft water leaves no mineral deposits in the shower, bath, or on your dishes.
• Very soft water leaches metals such as lead and copper from pipes, plumbing fixtures, and solder, lending a metallic taste and odour to the water.

Additional Information

• Chemical Composition of Soft Water:
  • Soft water contains 0 to 17.1 ppm (parts per million) of hard minerals.
  • Due to the relative absence of hard minerals, soft water has high sodium content.
• Hard water is surface water that contains more than 50 mg/l of calcium carbonate.
• Soap is a sodium salt or potassium salt of fatty acids having cleansing action in the water.
• Vinegar and baking soda can be used for converting the hard water into soft water. 

Important Points

• Soft water has numerous benefits, most of which come from removing or reducing the levels of hard minerals.
• Hard water produces dingy laundry, soap scum, scale, and water spots.
• Conversely, softer water reduces if not eliminates these problems.

The correct answer is antioxidant.

Key Points

• The condition produced by aerial oxidation of fats and oils in foods marked by unpleasant smell and taste is called rancidity.
• It spoils the food materials prepared in fats and oils which have been kept for a considerable time and make them unfit for eating.
• The development of rancidity is prevented by different ways listed below:
  • It can be prevented by adding anti-oxidants to foods containing fats ad oils.
  • The two most common anti-oxidants are Butylated Hydroxy-Anisole (BHA) and Butylated Hydroxy-Toluene (BHT).
  • It can be prevented by packing fat and oil-containing foods in nitrogen gas.
  • It can be retarded by keeping food in a refrigerator.
  • It can also be retarded by storing food in air-tight containers.
  • It can be retarded by storing foods away from the lights.

The correct answer is Antacid. 

• "Eno, Gelusil, Digene", etc are the types of Antacid. 

Key Points

• Drugs: 
  • Drugs are substances of low molecular mass, that interact in the body and produce a biological response. 
  • Specific drugs have been prescribed to patients by a doctor, as per necessity. 
• Role & Effects of Drugs: 
  • Either increases or decreases the role of enzyme-catalyzed reactions is the main role of drugs.
  • The inhibition of enzymes is a common motive in the action of the drug.
• Therapeutic effect:
  • The beneficial effect of a drug like the treatment of symptoms in the human body.
  • And the cure of a disease is known as the therapeutic effect. 

Additional Information

The following table shows the following types of drugs with respective features & examples.

The correct answer is Calcium carbonate.

Key Points

• Calcium carbonate and its forms: 
  • In nature, calcium carbonate occurs in the forms of chalk, limestone, and marble.
  •  Limestone, chalk, and marble are all sedimentary rocks that are composed mainly of calcium carbonate.
  •  Limestone is a sedimentary rock that forms from the accumulation of calcium carbonate shells and skeletons of marine organisms.
  • Chalk is a soft, white, porous rock that is made up of the microscopic remains of marine plankton.
  • Formation:
    • ​The skeletal remains of dead sea animals sink to the seabed. Over millions of years, layer build-up and pressure from the top layer changes the bottom layer into chalk. 
  • Earth movements due to earthquakes lift the layer of chalk to the Earth's surface. 
  • The earth's movements can also cause the layers to sink further. Thus, high pressure and heat cause the chalk to turn into much harder limestone. 
  • The limestone deposit may stay below the Earth for a longer time and due to higher pressure and temperature, the limestone turns to marble.

Additional Information

• Calcium Oxide (CaO), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound.
  • It is a white, caustic, alkaline, crystalline solid at room temperature.
• Calcium phosphate [Ca₃(PO₄)₂] is fundamental to the formation of teeth and bone.
  • Calcium phosphate is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid. It is also known as Calcium phosphate tribasic or Tricalcium Phosphate.
• Calcium Hydroxide [Ca(OH)₂] is also known as Slaked lime.
  • It is a white powder or colourless crystal which is obtained when quicklime (calcium oxide) is mixed with water.

Concept:

• Soaps and detergents - Soap is a sodium or potassium salt of long-chain fatty acids, known for their cleansing action.
• A detergent is a surfactant having cleansing properties even in hard water.
• Plaster of Paris - It is Gypsum plaster. The chemical formula for the plaster of pairs is CaSO4. \(\frac{1}{2}\) H2O.
• Disinfectants - a disinfectant is an antimicrobial agent usually applied on surfaces of objects to kill or destroy microorganisms.
• Antacids - Antacids are chemical substances used to neutralize the excess acid released in the stomach. 
• Hardness of water - The hardness of water is due to the presence of Magnesium or calcium ions in water which restricts the cleansing action of soap.

Explanation:

Soaps and detergents -

• Soap is a sodium or potassium salt of long-chain fatty acids, known for their cleansing action.
• A detergent is a surfactant having cleansing properties even in hard water.
• Soap is manufactured by saponification reaction.
• NaOH is used in saponification reaction for the manufacturing of soaps and detergents.

Plaster of pairs(POP)-

• Plaster or Paris is a white powdered Chemical compound.
• It is hydrated calcium sulfate or calcium sulphate hemi-hydrate.
• It has the chemical formula CaSO4. \(\frac{1}{2}\) H2O.
• It is used in putting casts on fractured bones in hospitals.

Disinfectants -

• A disinfectant is an antimicrobial agent usually applied on surfaces of objects to kill or destroy microorganisms.
• It is applied on non-living objects.
• We can use the same chemical as a disinfectant and an antiseptic by changing the concentration.
• Ex- Bleaching powder is used as water disinfectant having formula CaOCl₂.

Antacids -

• Antacids are the chemical substances used to neutralize the excess acid release in stomach.
• It is generally a base that neutralises the excess acid in the stomach.
• Ex- sodium bicarbonate, magnesium hydroxide, etc.

Hardness of water -

• Hardness of water is due to the presence of Magnesium or calcium ions in water which restricts the cleansing action of soap.
• Hardness of water is of two types -
  • Permanent
  • Temporary
• Permanent hardness can be removed by adding sodium carbonate or washing soda because it dissolves the insoluble carbonate that can be removed by filtration.

Conclusion:

Matching them accordingly, we get -

or a - iii, b - iv, c - v, d - ii, e - i.

Hence the correct t answer is option 2.

The correct answer is Copper Sulphate.

Key Points

• Blue Vitriol is another name for Copper Sulphate(CuSO 4 ).
• It is also known as cupric sulfate or bluestone.
• It is a blue crystalline solid that is commonly used in various industries.
• It is used as a fungicide, herbicide, and pesticide in agriculture.
• It is also used in electroplating, as a catalyst in chemical reactions, and the production of various chemical compounds.

 Additional Information

• Zinc Sulphate (ZnSO 4 ) is a crystalline powder.
  • It is commonly used as a dietary supplement and in the production of various chemical compounds.
• Sulphuric Acid(H 2 SO 4 ) is a highly corrosive and dangerous chemical.
  • It is used in the production of various chemical compounds and as a cleaning agent.
• Sodium Hydroxide(NaOH) is a solid.
  • It is commonly used in the production of various chemical compounds, such as soap and paper.
  • It is commonly known as Caustic Soda.

Important Points Some Common Names of Chemical Compounds:

The correct answer is Tamarind-Oxalic acid.Key Points

• Vinegar: Acetic acid (it is present in nature organically and it can also be synthesized in the laboratory.
• Milk, Curd: Lactic acid (Converting milk into curd gives lactic acid naturally)
• Lemon, Orange: Citric acid. (Lemon is a natural source of Citric acid)
• Oxalic acid is an organic compound found in many plants, including leafy greens, vegetables, fruits, cocoa, nuts, and seeds.
  • Hence Tamarind-Oxalic acid is NOT correctly matched.

Additional Information

• Apple: Malic acid ( Malic acid is present in apples, which is directly consumed by eating apples).
• Tamarind, Grapes: Tartaric acid. (Tamarind, Grapes are the organic natural source of tartaric acid)
• Tomato: Oxalic acid (Tomato is an organic natural source of Oxalic acid)