This solar photovoltaic cell converts the solar energy into electrical energy. The working is based on Photo voltaic Effect. These cells are made up of silicon.

The ratio between the maximum electrical power that a photovoltaic array is capable of producing and the solar radiation that hits the array is known as the Solar Cell efficiency. The efficiency of Photovoltaic cells theoretically is 25%.

Solar cells are arranged in the arrays, either in series or in parallel. These may be of tracking type or modules or fixed arrays. A tracking array is defined as one which is always kept mechanically perpendicular to the sun array line so that all times it intercepts the maximum insolation.

 Depending on the type of photovoltaic cell being used the solar cells are (monocrystalline, polycrystalline, amorphous, or thin film), the efficiency of a conventional solar array is typically low at around 10-12%.

 Disadvantages of Solar cells:

• High cost
• Not suitable for all conditions 
• Power storage is a major problem