Some of the causes of flood are: heavy rainfall, heavy melting of ice and snow, failure of water storage or diverting structures etc. Some of the effects of flood are: flood waters can spread various diseases which can be a threat to human health, it damages the infrastructure and property it also damages any plants or wildlife that come in its path, as well as contaminate habitats. Pathogens and algae can contaminate the local water supply, destroying groundwater quality.

Flash flood occurs when there is high intensity of rainfall for a short period of time such that the ground and the drainage system cannot absorb or intake water as quickly as it falls. This type of flood lasts for a small period of time but poses a serious threat to life and property

Some of the types of flood are: coastal flood, river flood, groundwater flood, drain or sewer flood, and flash flood.

Urban Flooding refers to the type of flood occurring in a densely populated area like a city or town due to heavy rainfall, which exceeds the drainage system's capacity.

A flood may be defined as an overflow from some river or other body of water.