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Neuromorphic Computing: Aspects, Application & Nervous System | UPSC Notes
IMPORTANT LINKS
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Syllabus |
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Topics for Prelims |
Computers, Central Nervous System, Robotics, Industry 4.0, Computer Architecture |
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Topics for Mains |
About Neuromorphic Computing
Neuromorphic Computing refers to the process of computing in which the designing of computers is based on the systems found in the human brain and the nervous system.
It is evident from research and experiments that neuromorphic computing devices can work as efficiently as the human brain without the need of any large room for the placing software.
One of the technological advancements in recent times that has rekindled the interest of scientists all over the world in neuromorphic computing is the development of the Artificial Neural Network model (ANN).
Read more about Nervous System!
Neuromorphic computing is better in many parameters from traditional ones. It performs well in terms of energy efficiency, computation speed, and learning efficiency. It is useful for various applications such as voice, vision, gesture recognition, robotics, and search retrieval. Neuromorphic computing provides other benefits as well such as fast parallel processing with minimum power requirement.
Neuromorphic computing has another advantage that it eliminates the need for back-and-forth data movement between components in the von Neumann architecture. This is significant as this makes neuromorphic computing suitable for image and signal processing applications. If it is adopted in a proper fashion, then its uses in consumer electronics, automotive, healthcare, and military & defense sectors will increase significantly.
Read more about Robotics in India!
Key Aspects of Neuromorphic Computing
Traditional computing systems mainly rely on binary digit, data,logic and discrete processing. On the other hand, neuromorphic systems are designed in such a way that they replicate the human brain's interconnected neurons and synapses. This is done by the use of some specialized hardware that has the ability to simulate neurons, establish communication and then process information.
Neuromorphic systems often use event-driven processing. Here, computation is triggered by changes in input rather than operating in a continuous, clock-driven manner. This is similar to how biological systems operate which leads to more efficient processing and power consumption is also minimized.
What is Spiking Neural Networks?
Spiking Neural Network (SNNs) is used in computing the neural networks . Spiking Neural Networks are designed to model the way biological neurons communicate through spikes or pulses. This way of performing the task of computing leads to more nuanced and realistic simulations of neural processes as compared to traditional artificial neural networks.
Energy Efficiency & Applications of Neuromorphic Computing
One of the most important advantages of neuromorphic computing is its energy efficiency. It consumes less energy as compared to the traditional ones. By mimicking the brain's ability to process inputs or information with minimal energy, the neuromorphic system is able to perform complex tasks with very low power consumption as compared to conventional computing systems.
Neuromorphic computing has many applications in different areas such as robotics, sensory processing either visual or auditory systems, pattern recognition, Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI). With Industry 4.0, the use of neurological computing is expected to increase manifold. It can also be used in areas or situations where real-time processing and adaptation are important such as autonomous systems and adaptive control.
Neuromorphic computing hardware includes specialized chips and processors which are well designed to emulate neural behavior.
Conclusion
Overall, neuromorphic computing is transforming the technology altogether. It aims to combine the efficiency of biological systems with the power of advanced computing. It can be argued that it will create more intelligent, adaptive, and energy-efficient systems in days to come.
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Key Takeaways for UPSC Aspirant
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Neuromorphic Computing UPSC FAQs
What do you mean by Internet of Things (IoT)?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects that are connected to the internet and can communicate with other devices and systems.
What is the function of the nervous system?
The nervous system helps all the parts of the body to communicate with each other. It also reacts to changes both outside and inside the body. The nervous system uses both electrical and chemical means to send and receive messages.
Is it beneficial to use Neuromorphic computing?
Yes, it has many advantages such as low power consumption, efficiency and effectiveness.
What does computing mean?
Computing is the process of using computer technology to complete a given goal-oriented task.
What is Robotics?
Robotics is a field of study that involves the design, construction, operation, and use of robots.