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Home / IAS Preparation / Longitudinal Division Of The Himalayas

Longitudinal Division of the Himalayas-Study the North-South classification of Himalayas for UPSC

Last Updated on Nov 17, 2022
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The Longitudinal Division of the Himalayas consists of three divisions of Himalays. They are: The Kashmir /Punjab/ Himachal Himalayas,The Kumaun Himalayas and The Central/ Nepal Himalayas.

The Longitudinal Division of the Himalayas are also known as Regional Divisions of the Indian Himalayas. From north to south, the Himalayas are divided into three primary groups: the Greater Himalayas or Himadari, the Lesser Himalayas or Himachal, and the Shiwalik or Outer Himalayas.

The Longitudinal Division of the Himalayas is a significant topic for GS Paper 1 Syllabus of the UPSC Mains curriculum and GS Paper 1 of Prelims.

In this article, we will provide you with all information on the Longitudinal Division of the Himalayas.

What is the Longitudinal Division of Himalayas?
  • Longitudinal Division of Himalayas have been separated into four sections according to the areas from west to east and the rivers flowing:
    • The Punjab Himalayas are located between the Indus and Sutlej rivers. They are sometimes referred to as the Kashmir Himalaya and the Himachal Himalaya.
    • The Kumaon Himalayas are located between the Sutlej and Kali rivers.
    • Nepal Himalayas: This section is located between the Kali and Tista rivers in Nepal.
    • Assam Himalayas: This section is located between the Tista and Dihang rivers in Assam.

Read in detail about the River and Drainage System of India here!

What is a Longitude?

  • Longitude is defined as the distance east or west of the prime meridian.
  • Longitude is measured by imaginary lines that go vertically (up and down) around the Earth and meet at the North and South Poles.
  • Longitude is the measurement of the distance east or west of the prime meridian.

What is a Latitude?

  • Latitude is the measurement of the distance north or south of the Equator.
  • It equally splits the Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres at 0 degrees latitude.
  • It is calculated using 180 fictitious lines that are drawn in circles east-west of the equator. Parallels are the names for these lines.

Know in detail about Latitudes and Longitudes: Geography Notes for UPSC!

What is Longitudinal Division?

  • The Himalayas, home to the world’s tallest peaks, are an impressive mountain series in Asia that serves as a vast barrier between the Tibetan Plateau to the north and the Indian subcontinent’s alluvial plains to the south.
  • From west to east, the Indian Himalayas are split into four sections.
    • The Himalayas of Kashmir /Punjab/ Himachal Himalayas
    • The Kumaun Himalayas
    • The Central/Nepal Himalayas
    • The Eastern Himalayas/Assam

How are the Himalayas Divided by Longitude?

  • The Himalayas, often known as the Himalayas, are an Asian mountain range that separates the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau.
  • It is also the name of a large mountain chain that comprises the Himalaya, the Karakoram, the Hindu Kush, and a slew of lesser ranges that stretch from the Pamir Knot. The name is derived from the Sanskrit word himlaya, which means “abode of snow.”
  • The Himalayas are divided into three primary ranges that extend north to south.

The Himadri/Greater Himalayas/ Inner Himalayas

It is the northernmost range of the Himalayan young mountains. It is home to the majority of the world’s tallest peaks, including Mt. Everest and Kanchenjunga.

The Himachal/ Lesser Himalaya.

It is often referred to as the lower Himalayas. This range is located to the south of the Himalayas. This range is home to nearly all of the hill stations, including Shimla, Nainital, and Manali.

The Siwaliks

This is the Himalayas’ most remote range. These mountains are formed by sediments carried down by rivers coming from the northern Himalayan highlands. The valleys that connect the lower Himalayas and the Siwaliks are known as Duns or Doons, and include Dehra Dun, Patli Dun, and Kotli Dun.

Also read about Difference Between Himalayan Region and Peninsular Plateau here!

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Divisions of Himalayas

When the Indian Plate met with the Eurasian Plate, the Himalayan mountain range and Tibetan plateau were formed.

In terms of length, the Himalaya is made up of three parallel ranges plus the Trans-Himalayas.

Himachal or Punjab or Kashmir Himalayas

  • The Kashmir Himalayas are about 700 kilometres long and 500 kilometres wide. It has the most glaciers in India, with an average elevation of 3000 m. Cold desert conditions characterise the Ladakh area of the Kashmir Himalaya.
  • The Punjab Himalayas are the mountains that run between the Indus and the Satlej rivers.
  • Because the majority of this portion is located in these two states, it is also known as Jammu-Kashmir and Himachal Himalaya.
  • This portion spans 560 kilometres. This section’s major ranges include the Ladakh, Pir Panjal, Dhauladhar, and Zaskar. The Zoji La pass is located at an elevation of 3,444 metres above sea level.
    • The karewa deposits, which consist of silt, sand, and clay, are a unique characteristic of the Kashmir Valley. These karewas are mostly dedicated to the cultivation of saffron and feature apple, peach, almond, walnut, and apricot orchards.
    • The Himalaya in Kashmir is characterised by lofty snow-capped peaks, deep valleys, interlocking spurs, and high mountain passes.
    • The notable mountain passes of the Kashmir Himalaya include Pir-Panjal, Banihal, Zoji-La, Burzil, Khardungla, Pensi-La, Saser-La, Lanak-La, Jara-La, Taska-La, Chang-La, Umasi-La, and Qara-Tagh-La (Karakoram).

    Also read about Physiographic Division of Nothern Plains here!

    Kumaun Himalayas

    • The Satlej and Kali rivers are separated by this segment, which spans 320 kilometres. This is higher than the Himalayas of Punjab. Great rivers such as the Ganga and Yamuna have their origins in the Kumaon Himalayas.
    • At this location, the Satluj and Kali rivers merge. Nanda Devi is the highest mountain in this area. Peaks in this region include Nanda Devi, Trisul, Kedarnath, Dunagiri, Kamet, Badrinath, Jaonli, Gangotri, and Bandarpunch.
    • In this part, the glaciers Pindari, Gangotri, and Milam are significant. Mussoorie, Nainital, Ranikhet, Almora, and Bageshwar are the most well-known hill stations. Thaga La, Muling La, Mana, Mangsha Dhura, and Lipu Lekh are the most important passes.

    Nepal or Central Himalayas

    • Nepal, also known as the Central Himalayas, is 800 kilometres long and is located between the Kali and Tista rivers. The majority of it is in Nepal, thus the name.
    • This is the highest region of the Himalayas, where magnificent peaks such as Everest, Kanchenjunga, Dhaulagiri, Annapurna, and Makalu, among others, may be found. The flat Kathmandu valley is also located in the Himalayas of Nepal.
    • This segment extends from the Kali River to the Tista River. The majority of it is in Nepal, with the exception of the Sikkim Himalayas in the far east.
    • Mount Everest, Kanchenjunga, Makalu, Dhaulagiri, Annapurna, Manaslu, and Gosainthan are among the tallest mountains in the world. The two most important passes in this area are Nathu La and Jelep La.

    Also read about Karst Topography here!

    Eastern or Assam Himalayas

    • The Eastern Himalayas, often known as the Assam Himalayas, stretch over 720 kilometres between the rivers Tista and Dihang (Tsangpo-Brahmaputra).
    • This split exists between the Tista and the Brahmaputra rivers (Dihang). It stretches over the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh and into Bhutan.
    • Purvanchal is formed by a southerly curve on the southern boundary of Arunachal Pradesh, and mountains arranged in a north-south orientation through Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, and Tripura.
    • The Purvanchal Plateau joins the Meghalaya Plateau in the west, and the Myanmar mountain range extends all the way to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Indonesian Archipelago.
    • The Himalayas rise fast in Assam’s lowlands and then narrow as they approach the Shiwalik foothills. Among the various hills in this area are the Aka hills, Dafla hills, Miri hills, Abor hills, Mishmi hills, and Namcha Barwa.
    • Major hills in the eastern Himalayas include Patkai Bum, Manipur Hills, Blue Mountain, Tripura Range, and Brail Range. The most significant passes in this region are Bomdi La, Yonggyap, Diphu, Pangsau, Tse La, Dihang, Debang, Tunga, and Bom La.

Also read about Himalaya and Peninsular Rivers here!

Conclusion

The Himalaya mountain range is the world’s tallest, and it is home to fourteen of the world’s highest peaks, including Mount Everest. The Himalayas span six countries: Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. It is the source of three main river systems in the world: the Indus Basin, the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin, and the Yangtze Basin. The watershed region of the Himalayan rivers, which includes Bangladesh, is home to an estimated 750 million people.

Also read about National River of India here!

In this article, we studied the features and Longitudinal Division of the Himalayas in India. Testbook provides a set of comprehensive notes for different competitive exams. Testbook is always on the top of the list because of its best quality assured product like live tests, mocks, Content pages,GK and current affairs videos and much more. To study more topics from India Geography for UPSC, download the Testbook App now!

Longitudinal Division of the Himalayas Previous Year Questions

1.Bring out the causes for more frequent landslides in the Himalayas than in Western Ghats[2013]

2.Whereas the British planters had developed tea gardens all along the Shivaliks and Lesser Himalayas from Assam to Himachal Pradesh, in effect they did not succeed beyond the Darjeeling area. Explain.[2014]

3.“The Himalayas are highly prone to landslides.” Discuss the causes and suggest suitable measures of mitigation.[2016]

हिमालय का अनुदैर्ध्य विभाजन – यूपीएससी के लिए हिमालय के उत्तर-दक्षिण वर्गीकरण का अध्ययन हिंदी में करें!

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Longitudinal Division of the Himalayas FAQs

The Himalayas are divided longitudinally as The Himalayas of Kashmir, Punjab, and Himachal Pradesh; The Kumaun Himalayas are located in the Indian state of Uttarakhand; The Himalayas of Central Nepal and the Eastern Himalayas/Assam.

The Lower Himalayan Range (also known as the Lesser Himalayan Range or Mahabharat Range in India) is located north of the Sub-Himalayan Range or Siwalik Range and south of the Great Himalayas.

The Patkai Hills, Naga Hills, Mizo Hills, and Manipur Hills are all part of Purvanchal.

Between the Satluj and Kali Rivers are the Kumaun Himalayas. Nanda Devi is the highest mountain in this division.

Latitudnal division of Himalayan regions from west to east are the Punjab Himalayas (between rivers Indus adn Satluj), Kumaon Himalayas (Satluj and Kali rivers), Nepal Himalayas (Kalia and Testa rivers) and Assam Himalayas (Tista and Dihang rivers). The longitudinal division of the Himalayas includes The Kashmir /Punjab/ Himachal Himalayas, The Kumaun Himalayas, The Central/ Nepal Himalayas and The Assam/ Eastern Himalayas.

The northern most range is known as Lesser or Middle Himalaya or the Himachal. Altitude varies between 3700to 4500m and average width is 50m. The Pir Panjal range forms the longest and the most important range. The Dhaula Dhar and the Mahabharat ranges are also prominent ones.
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