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Home / IAS Preparation / Interpol

Interpol-Overview, Characteristics, Functions, Key Features, Structure,Different Interpol Notices

Last Updated on Oct 20, 2022
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Interpol is the abbreviated and more familiar name for the International Criminal Police Organization, a network of 195 member countries that includes India. Interpol’s role is to enable police throughout the world to collaborate in order to make the world a safer place.

The Interpol is significant for both the UPSC Prelims and GS Paper 2 of the UPSC Mains curriculum. In this article, we will provide you with all features and necessary information on Interpol. Study major topics of International Relations from the perspective of UPSC Exams.

Recent Update
  • Interpol issued a Red Corner Notice (RCN) in 2019 against fugitive diamond trader Nirav Modi’s brother Nehal in connection with the multibillion-dollar Punjab National Bank (PNB) fraud.
  • Fugitive diamantaire Mehul Choksi, who had escaped Antigua and Barbuda, was apprehended in neighbouring Dominica in 2021 after an Interpol Yellow Notice was issued against him.

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Interpol – An Overview of International Police Organisation
  • Interpol is an acronym for the International Criminal Police Organization.
  • It is an intergovernmental organisation that promotes collaboration among criminal enforcement departments from over 195 nations.
  • The Interpol headquarters are located in Lyon (France).
  • Interpol has 195 member nation swho are represented by a National Central Bureau. It is the world’s biggest international police organisation.
  • Interpol’s mission is to foster as much mutual assistance as possible among criminal police agencies, as well as to construct and expand organisations that will aid to the prevention and repression of international crime.
INTERPOL
The International Criminal Police Organization
Interpol Established 7 September 1923, Vienna, Austria
Interpol Headquarters Lyon, France
Interpol President Ahmed Naser Al-Raisi
Interpol members Interpol has 195 member countries
Preceding agencies First International Criminal Police Congress (1914) International Police Conference (1922) International Criminal Police Commission (1923)

Interpol – Historical Background
  • Interpol dates back to 1914, when representatives from 14 nations gathered in Monaco for a convention of international criminal police.
  • Following a substantial surge in international crime, notably in Austria, representatives of 20 nations’ criminal police agencies convened in Vienna in 1923 and established the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC) that year.
  • The ICPC’s headquarters were established in Vienna, and Johann Schober, the chief of the Vienna police, became the organization’s first president.
  • The ICPC thrived until 1938, when Nazi Germany occupied Austria; the records of the ICPC were then transported to Berlin. The advent of World War II effectively put an end to the ICPC’s operations.
  • Interpol was once primarily a European organisation, with only a little amount of backing from the United States and other non-European countries.

इंटरपोल | Interpol – अवलोकन, कार्य, मुख्य विशेषताएं, संरचना, विभिन्न इंटरपोल नोटिस के बारे में यहां हिंदी में जानें!

Functions of Interpol
  • Interpol focuses on broad categories of international criminal behaviour such as terrorism and crimes against people and property, as well as economic, financial, and corruption crimes, and counterfeiting, among other things.
  • To combat transnational crime, Interpol collaborates closely with all member nations and international organisations such as the United Nations and the European Union.
  • The Interpol essentially unites police forces all around the world, even if the individual member countries do not have diplomatic connections.
  • Interpol enables international information exchange, knowledge sharing, and research.

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Structure of Interpol

The International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) is the world’s largest international police organisation. Its goal and operations are distinct from those of other international organisations and are driven by its member countries. Following are the components of the Structure of Interpol:

General Assembly

Image Credit: INTERPOL

  • The General Assembly is Interpol’s top governing body, and it is made up of delegates from all of our member nations.
  • The day-to-day operations of Interpol are administered by a General Secretariat, which is led by a secretary general.
  • The General Assembly is Interpol’s highest decision-making body, with one delegate from each member nation.

Executive Committee

Image Credit:INTERPOL

  • The Executive Committee is the governing body in charge of overseeing the implementation of General Assembly decisions as well as the administration and activities of the General Secretariat.
  • The Executive Committee oversees the execution of General Assembly resolutions and the secretary general’s activities.

    • General Secretariat

    • The General Secretariat is the organisation in charge of coordinating all of our policing and administrative functions.
    • The General Secretariat manages Interpol’s day-to-day operations to assist member nations with international policing.

    National Central Bureaus (NCB)

    • National Central Bureaus (NCB) are at the heart of INTERPOL as they help investigate crime or criminals in their own country, and share criminal data to assist another country.
    • The National Central Bureau is the focal point for all Interpol activity in a nation.
    • Our member countries each have an Interpol National Central Bureau (NCB).
    • This connects their national law enforcement to other nations and the General Secretariat via I-24/7, our secure worldwide police communications network.
      • NCBs collaborate with: domestic law enforcement agencies.
      • Other National Central Banks and Sub-Bureau throughout the world
      • The offices of the General Secretariat across the world.
    • NCBs can also create training programmes for their national police to increase their understanding of Interpol’s activities, services, and databases.

    Advisers

    • The Advisers’ function will be strictly advising. The Executive Committee will pick advisers for a three-year term.
    • Their appointment will be finalised only once the General Assembly approves it. They will be picked among people with a global reputation in a field of interest to the Organization.
    • The General Assembly has the authority to remove an Adviser from office.

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Different Interpol Notices

Interpol publishes eight distinct types of international notifications, the majority of which are color-coded. The Red Notice, Green Notice, Yellow Notice, Orange Notice, Blue Notice, Purple Notice, Black Notice, and an INTERPOL-UN Security Council Special Notice are among them.

Image Credit: INTERPOL

Name of Notice Description
Red Notice A Red Notice is a request to find and arrest a person awaiting extradition. It is issued by the General Secretariat on the basis of a valid national arrest warrant at the request of a member country or an international tribunal.
Yellow Notice A Yellow Notice is issued to assist in the location of missing persons, or in the identification of those who are unable to identify themselves.

It is published for victims of parental abductions, criminal abductions (kidnappings) or unexplained disappearances.
Blue Notice A Blue Notice is issued to gather further information on a person’s identity, whereabouts, or activities in connection with a crime. This does not ensure the person’s extradition or arrest.
Black Notice A Black Notice is a call for information on unidentified remains found in member countries.
Green Notice A Green Notice is issued to convey warnings and intelligence about individuals who have committed criminal offences and are likely to commit similar offences in other countries.
Orange Notice An Orange Notice is issued to warn of an event, a person, an item, or a process that poses a significant and urgent hazard to public safety.
Purple Notice A Purple Notice is a request for information about criminals’ methods of operation, objects, gadgets, and hiding tactics.
Interpol-United Nations Security Council Special Notice The Interpol-United Nations Security Council Special Notice is issued for people and companies subject to United Nations Security Council sanctions. Its primary duty is to notify national law enforcement agencies that designated persons and entities are subject to sanctions such as asset freezes, weapons embargoes, and travel bans.

Interpol and COVID-19
  • Interpol have released a series of worldwide danger assessments on crime and police in response to COVID-19, which has radically altered the law enforcement environment.
  • The reports rely on the skills and knowledge of police officers from our member nations and are updated on a daily basis as new risks surface.
  • Interpol issued an Orange Notice in December 2020 to warn authorities of the threat to COVID-19 vaccinations posed by organised criminal networks.

Interpol And India
  • Since 1956, India has been a member. India, like every other member country, has a National Central Bureau(NCB) that acts as the national platform for collaboration between domestic law enforcement forces and the international police community.
  • Interpol’s authorised contact point is the NCB. India has worked with Interpol to combat a wide range of organised crimes, including poaching, wildlife trafficking, counterfeit medications, and fake medical rackets.
  • According to an Interpol evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 on cybercrime, the focus has shifted significantly from people and small enterprises to huge organisations, governments, and key infrastructure.
  • As companies and enterprises increasingly install remote systems and networks to enable employees working from home, criminals are using increased security weaknesses to steal data, create money, and cause disruption.

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Conclusion

Interpol allow police forces all over the world to collaborate in order to prevent and combat crime. It provides police with a high-tech worldwide infrastructure of technological and operational assistance in order to tackle the rising problems of combating emerging sorts of crime. Only via worldwide collaboration can law enforcement expect to combat today’s criminals. Interpol facilitates police cooperation even when diplomatic connections between specific nations do not exist, in keeping with INTERPOL’s goal of political neutrality.

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Interpol FAQs

The major role of Interpol is to manage police databases with information on crimes and criminals accessible in real-time to countries.

Interpol is the world's largest police organization as it is used by 195 member countries.

India has been a member of Interpol since 1956.

Interpol is controlled by the General Secretariat.

NO. Interpol doesn't make arrests anywhere. Interpol doesn't have its own officers who operate like police officers in the US or any other country.

Interpol has the power to help countries work together to fight international crime.It does not have executive powers.

Interpol investing priority crime in areas of fugitives, public safety and terrorism, drugs and organized crime, trafficking in human beings and financial and high-tech crime.

Interpol issues a Black Notice to collect information on unidentified bodies.

Red Notices are issued to fugitives who are wanted for prosecution or to fulfil a sentence. This comes after legal processes in the nation that made the request.
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