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Home / UPSC Editorials / Citizens with Disabilities, Making their Rights Real

Citizens with Disabilities, Making their Rights Real | UPSC Editorials

Last Updated on Dec 05, 2024
Also Read Citizens with Disabilities, Making their Rights Real in Hindi
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Context: This article analyzes the implementation problems and reform needs of India's Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act 2016, particularly focusing on the role and effectiveness of State Commissioners for Disabilities.

Topics for UPSC Prelims

Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, Disability rights laws in India

Topics for UPSC Mains

Statutory, regulatory, and quasi-judicial bodies, Rights and welfare of persons with disabilities, Inclusive growth

What Powers and Functions do State Commissioners Possess under the RPWD Act?

The state commissioners hold the following powers as prescribed by the RPWD Act:

  • Judicial Powers: Commissioners have civil court powers under the Civil Procedure Code 1908.
  • Monitoring Role: It has authority to review and oversee implementation of disability laws and policies.
  • Suo Motu Authority: To act individually to detect and inquirer against a policy violating the provisions of RPWD Act.
  • Research Mandate: Authority to conduct and spur research in disability rights
  • Grievance Redressal: Power to deal with grievance and remedial measures to right violated.

Read the article on the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities!

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What are the Key Challenges in Implementing the State Commissioner System under the RPWD Act?

Some of the major challenges in implementing the State Commissioner System include the following:

  • Appointment Issues: Most commissioners are civil servants from nodal ministries rather than independent experts, thereby compromising impartiality.
  • Implementation Gap: Most State Commissioners have failed to live up to citizens' expectations in protecting disability rights.
  • Government Attitude: State governments are lax about empowering these statutory offices.
  • Delayed Appointments: A significant delay in appointing State Commissioners is detrimental to the system.
  • Limited Independence: Current appointment practices are in conflict with the requirement of independent oversight of executive actions.

Read the article on the Difference between Statutory and Quasi Judicial Bodies!

How can the State Commissioner System be Improved?

The below measures can be adopted for the improvement of teh State Commissioner system:

  • Diverse Appointments: Qualifying women with disabilities and civil society representatives as commissioners.
  • Capacity Building: Liaising with experts in law and law schools to work more effectively.
  • International Cooperation: Coordination with UN bodies to develop policies and research.
  • Systematic Monitoring: Constant liaison with disabled persons and their organizations.
  • Local Governance: The improvement of district-level implementation by putting dedicated officers.

Read the article on Social Exclusion!

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UPSC Practice Questions

The effectiveness of disability rights implementation in India hinges on the autonomy and capacity of State Commissioners. Critically analyze the challenges and suggest reforms needed to strengthen this institution in light of the RPWD Act 2016's objectives. (150 words, 10 marks)

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