CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 PDF Download @cbse.gov.in Official Website
Last Updated on Jun 26, 2025
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The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is the national-level education board of India. Its schools provide quality and valuable education to the students. Every year, CBSE releases the class-wise curriculum for the fresh academic year with new and student-orientated changes. CBSE has finally released the updated syllabus for Class 12 for the academic year 2025-26.
The new CBSE Class 12 syllabus 25-26 will be used to conduct the academic progress for the session 2025-2026. The 2026 exams will be conducted as per this new syllabus. As always suggested, students and teachers must download the latest CBSE syllabus and keep a copy for a quick reference. Scroll down to download the CBSE syllabus for English, Hindi, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics and Physical Education.
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-2026 PDF
CBSE has released the 2025-26 syllabus for Class 12 that will be used to make question papers for the 2026 board exams. Well, not only that, this syllabus is also important to know the projects you need to submit this year and of course the practical that you need to perform. The detailed exam pattern for each stream subject-wise is explained below but let's first check out the CBSE 12th syllabus 2026 PDFs for elective and language subjects stream-wise.
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus PDF Download 2025-26 for Elective Subjects
CBSE 12th syllabus is divided into elective and language subjects category to make the students and teachers understand the difference clearly. There are no core subjects in senior secondary because the subjects vary with the stream. Checkout the CBSE Class 12 elective syllabus 2025-26 PDFs from the table below:
| CBSE Class 12 Syllabus PDF 2025-2026 Stream-Wise | |
| CBSE Class 12 Science Syllabus | |
| CBSE Class 12 Humanities Syllabus | |
| CBSE Class 12 Commerce Syllabus | |
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus PDF Download 2025-26 for Language Subjects
There are various language subjects offered by CBSE for 12th class students, for example, Nepali, German, Sanskrit, Punjabi, etc. They choose the language subject in their Class 11th and then study the same in the next standard. Here are the syllabus PDFs provided for the English and Hindi language subjects as these are the majorly opted options. You can refer to the official website for more options.
| CBSE Class 12 Language Syllabus PDF 2025-2026 | |
If in case the subject syllabus you are looking for is not mentioned here, visit the official website of CBSE academics, cbseacademic.nic.in and download the CBSE 12th syllabus 2026. You can also check the CBSE circular for Class 12 syllabus 25-26 PDF for more details and better understanding of the aim to provide the yearly syllabus.
CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26
Physics is one of the toughest and complex subjects. Thus, knowing the syllabus for CBSE Class 12 Physics is important. Here is the overview table of the topics and units which will be covered for the 2025-26 academic session. Download the complete PDF from above.
| UNIT | CHAPTERS | MARKS |
| Unit–I | Electrostatics | 16 |
| Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields | ||
| Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance | ||
| Unit–II | Current Electricity | |
| Chapter–3: Current Electricity | ||
| Unit–III | Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism | 17 |
| Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism | ||
| Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter | ||
| Unit–IV | Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents | |
| Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction | ||
| Chapter–7: Alternating Current | ||
| Unit–V | Electromagnetic Waves | 18 |
| Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves | ||
| Unit–VI | Optics | |
| Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments | ||
| Chapter–10: Wave Optics | ||
| Unit–VII | Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter | 12 |
| Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter | ||
| Unit–VIII | Atoms and Nuclei | |
| Chapter–12: Atoms | ||
| Chapter–13: Nuclei | ||
| Unit–IX | Electronic Devices | 7 |
| Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits | ||
| Total: 70 | ||
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2025-26
There total ten units in CBSE 12th Chemistry syllabus for 2025-26 session. The weightage of all the units is almost the same from 6 to 7. The maximum marks are allocated to electrochemistry. Check below the complete list of CBSE Class 12 Chemistry syllabus for this academic year.
| S. No. | Title | Marks |
| 1 | Solutions | 7 |
| 2 | Electrochemistry | 9 |
| 3 | Chemical Kinetics | 7 |
| 4 | d- and f-Block Elements | 7 |
| 5 | Coordination Compounds | 7 |
| 6 | Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | 6 |
| 7 | Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers | 6 |
| 8 | Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids | 8 |
| 9 | Amines | 6 |
| 10 | Biomolecules | 7 |
| Total | 70 | |
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 for CUET, NEET, & IIT JEE Entrance
The CBSE Class 12 syllabus is the foundation of entrance examinations conducted after senior secondary. The questions are framed from the CBSE 12th syllabus and NCERT textbooks. The major undergraduate entrance exams that follow CBSE Class 12 syllabus PDF include Common University Entrance Test (CUET), National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (NEET), Joint Entrance Examination, Main (JEE Main), and JEE Advanced. You must follow and keep a copy of the above mentioned syllabus for all these exams. For better practice, solve the below provided previous year papers and mock tests for each of the given entrance exam:
| CUET | NEET | JEE Mains | JEE Advanced |
CBSE Class 12 Practical Syllabus 2025-26 PDF Download
Practicals are a major part of Class 12 exam, especially for Science stream. Their evaluation is incomplete without practicals as they carry 30% of the total marks. Thus, CBSE Class 12 Practical syllabus is quite essential and must have. If you have downloaded the CBSE Class 12 syllabus PDF from above then you can access the practical syllabus from there. Otherwise, scroll down and check the subject-wise practical evaluation and topics here for Biology, Chemistry and Physics.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Practical Syllabus 2025-26
Here is the CBSE Class 12 Biology Practical evaluation scheme 2025-26 along with all the experiments’ list is provided. You can simply scroll and check the marking scheme for practicals along with spotting topics without taking too much load.
| Evaluation Scheme | Marks |
| One Major Experiment | 5 |
| One Minor Experiment (2 & 3) | 4 |
| Slide Preparation (1 & 4) | 5 |
| Spotting | 7 |
| Practical Record + Viva Voce (Credit to the student's work over the academic session may be given) | 4 |
| Investigatory Project and its Project Record + Viva Voce | 5 |
| Total | 30 |
Here are the experiments or practicals students have to perform and learn about throughout their 2025-26 academic session. The viva questions will be asked from these.
| Sr. No. | List of Class 12 Biology Experiments |
| 1 | Prepare a temporary mount to observe pollen germination. |
| 2 | Study the plant population density by quadrat method. |
| 3 | Study the plant population frequency by quadrat method. |
| 4 | Prepare a temporary mount of onion root tip to study mitosis. |
| 5 | Isolate DNA from available plant material such as spinach, green pea seeds, papaya, banana, etc. |
The spotting part is very important in Biology, thus, important spotting topics are mentioned here. A few of these will be used during your final 2026 board exams.
| Sr. No. | Spotting Topics |
| 1 | Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects, birds). |
| 2 | Pollen germination on stigma through a permanent slide or scanning electron micrograph. |
| 3 | Identification of stages of gamete development (T.S. of testis and T.S. of ovary) through permanent slides (grasshopper/mice). |
| 4 | Meiosis in onion bud cell or grasshopper testis through permanent slides. |
| 5 | T.S. of blastula through permanent slides (Mammalian). |
| 6 | Mendelian inheritance using seeds of different colours/sizes of any plant. |
| 7 | Prepared pedigree charts of one of the genetic traits like rolling of tongue, blood groups, ear lobes, widow’s peak, and colour blindness. |
| 8 | Controlled pollination - emasculation, tagging, and bagging. |
| 9 | Common disease-causing organisms like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium using slides, models, or virtual images; and symptoms they cause. |
| 10 | Models/specimens showing symbiotic association like lichens, root nodules of legumes, and parasitic nutrition by Cuscuta. |
| 11 | Flash cards/models showing examples of homologous and analogous organs. |
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Practical Syllabus 2025-26
Teachers and students can check here the CBSE 12th Chemistry evaluation scheme for the 2025-26 session. Not much has changed from last year’s evaluation pattern. The detailed list of Chemistry experiments you need to perform in this academic year is provided below:
| Evaluation Scheme | Marks |
| Volumetric Analysis | 08 |
| Salt Analysis | 08 |
| Content Based Experiment | 06 |
| Project Work | 04 |
| Class Record and Viva | 04 |
| Total | 30 |
Here is the list of CBSE Class 12 Chemistry experiments and activities which teachers will guide to perform in the lab. The questions will be asked from these in the Chemistry viva.
| Section | List of Class 12 Chemistry Experiment/Activity |
| A. Surface Chemistry | 1. Preparation of one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol (Lyophilic: starch, egg albumin, gum; Lyophobic: aluminum hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, arsenous sulphide) 2. Dialysis of sol prepared in (a) above. 3. Study of the role of emulsifying agents in stabilizing emulsions of different oils. |
| B. Chemical Kinetics | 1. Effect of concentration and temperature on reaction rate between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid. 2. Study of reaction rates (choose one): • Iodide ion with Hydrogen Peroxide at room temperature • Potassium Iodate (KIO₃) with Sodium Sulphate (Na₂SO₃) using starch as indicator (clock reaction) |
| C. Thermochemistry | Any one: • Enthalpy of dissolution of Copper Sulphate or Potassium Nitrate • Enthalpy of neutralization (HCl and NaOH) • Enthalpy change during Hydrogen bond formation (Acetone and Chloroform interaction) |
| D. Electrochemistry | Variation of cell potential in Zn/Zn²⁺ |
| E. Chromatography | 1. Separation of pigments from leaves/flowers by paper chromatography; determination of Rf values. 2. Separation of colourless compounds using paper chromatography (amino acids, sugars with large differences in Rf values). |
| F. Preparation of Inorganic Compounds | 1. Preparation of double salt of Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate or Potash Alum. 2. Preparation of Potassium Ferric Oxalate. |
| G. Preparation of Organic Compounds | Preparation of any one: 1. Acetanilide 2. Di-benzalacetone 3. p-Nitroacetanilide 4. Aniline yellow or 2-Naphthol Aniline dye |
| H. Tests for Functional Groups in Organic Compounds | Detection of unsaturation, alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic, and amino (primary) groups. |
| I. Characteristic Tests | Identification of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in pure samples and their detection in foodstuffs. |
| J. Determination of Concentration/Molarity of KMnO₄ Solution | Titrating against: 1. Oxalic Acid 2. Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate (students must prepare standard solutions by weighing). |
| K. Qualitative Analysis | Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt. Cations: Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₄⁺ Anions: CO₃²⁻, S²⁻, SO₃²⁻, NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻, SO₄²⁻, PO₄³⁻, CH₃COO⁻, C₂O₄²⁻ (Note: Insoluble salts excluded) |
CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Syllabus 2025-26
The CBSE Class 12 practicals are performed for 30 marks out of 100. The rest are allocated to theory. The time remains the same for theory and practical exams, i.e., three hours. Here is the evaluation scheme for CBSE Class 12 Physics 2025-26 Practical syllabus. Check out the list of experiment here:
| Evaluation Scheme | Marks |
| Two experiments (one from each section) | 7 + 7 Marks |
| Practical record (experiments and activities) | 5 Marks |
| One activity from any section | 3 Marks |
| Investigatory Project | 3 Marks |
| Viva on experiments, activities and project | 5 Marks |
| Total | 30 Marks |
The complete list of Class 12 Physics experiments is provided below. The experiments are divided into sections. It is not necessary that the teacher will make you perform all these activities. They will take the call based on their importance from a learning and examination point of view.
| Section | Activity/Experiment |
| SECTION–A (Experiments) | 1. To determine resistivity of two/three wires by plotting a graph for potential difference vs current. |
| 2. To find resistance of a given wire/standard resistor using metre bridge. | |
| 3. To verify laws of combination (series) of resistances using metre bridge. OR verify laws of combination (parallel) of resistances using metre bridge. | |
| 4. To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and find its figure of merit. | |
| 5. To convert a galvanometer (known resistance and merit) into voltmeter/ammeter and verify. | |
| 6. To find frequency of AC mains using a sonometer. | |
| SECTION–A (Activities) | 1. Measure resistance and impedance of an inductor (with/without iron core). |
| 2. Measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity using a multimeter. | |
| 3. Assemble a household circuit (three bulbs, switches, fuse, power source). | |
| 4. Assemble components of a given electrical circuit. | |
| 5. Study variation of potential drop with length of wire for steady current. | |
| 6. Draw circuit diagram (battery, resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter, voltmeter), identify/correct wrong connections. | |
| SECTION–B (Experiments) | 1. Find value of v for different values of u for a concave mirror and find focal length. |
| 2. Find focal length of convex mirror using convex lens. | |
| 3. Find focal length of convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or 1/u and 1/v. | |
| 4. Find focal length of concave lens using convex lens. | |
| 5. Determine angle of minimum deviation for a prism by plotting graph between angle of incidence and angle of deviation. | |
| 6. Determine refractive index of glass slab using travelling microscope. | |
| 7. Find refractive index of a liquid using convex lens and plane mirror. | |
| 8. Find refractive index of a liquid using concave mirror and plane mirror. | |
| 9. Draw I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias. | |
| SECTION–B (Activities) | 1. Identify a diode, LED, resistor, and capacitor from mixed collection and check functionality. |
| 2. Use multimeter to check unidirectional flow of current in a diode, LED, and working condition of electronic components. | |
| 3. Study effect of light intensity (by varying source distance) on LDR. | |
| 4. Observe refraction and lateral deviation of light in a glass slab. | |
| 5. Observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit. | |
| 6. Study size and nature of images formed by convex/concave mirrors using candle and screen. | |
| 7. Obtain a lens combination with specified focal length using two lenses from a given set. |
How To Download CBSE Class 12 Syllabus PDF?
Downloading the CBSE 12th Class syllabus is very simple. The board has made sure that students and teachers do not face much trouble while accessing the latest or previous year syllabus for better and quick understanding. Checkout the steps to download the CBSE Class 12 2025-26 syllabus PDF here:
Step 1: Go to cbse.gov.in and then click on academic website, or directly visit cbseacademic.nic.in
Step 2: Click on the “Curriculum” section mentioned on the top green bar.
Step 3: Select year from the drop down options for the current academic year (2025-26).
Step 4: Senior Secondary Curriculum” to access Class 12 syllabi.
Step 5: Now download the syllabus of the desired subject from ‘Language Subjects’ or Academic Elective Subjects’.
Step 6: Save the PDF or download as a hard copy.
CBSE Class 12 Exam Pattern 2025-26
The next important thing to know after the senior secondary syllabus is the CBSE Class 12 exam pattern 2026. This helped you understand the distribution of marks between theory, practicals and projects. Go stream-wise and understand how many marks are allocated for each segment.
CBSE Class 12 Exam Pattern 2025-26 for Science Stream
CBSE 12th science stream is majorly a technical segment that includes learning by doing. Thus, the CBSE Class 12 syllabus for Biology, Chemistry, Physics, etc., is divided into theory and practical. The major portion is for theory, and the minor one is for practical. But students have to pass in both theory and practical separately.
| Subject | Theory Marks | Practical/Project Marks | Total Marks | Duration of Exam |
| Physics | 70 | 30 | 100 | 3 Hours |
| Chemistry | 70 | 30 | 100 | 3 Hours |
| Biology | 70 | 30 | 100 | 3 Hours |
| Mathematics | 80 | 20 (Internal Assessment) | 100 | 3 Hours |
| Applied Mathematics | 80 | 20 (Internal Assessment) | 100 | 3 Hours |
| Computer Science | 70 | 30 (Practical) | 100 | 3 Hours |
| Physical Education | 70 | 30 (Practical) | 100 | 3 Hours |
| Biotechnology | 70 | 30 (Practical) | 100 | 3 Hours |
CBSE Class 12 Exam Pattern 2025-26 for Commerce Stream
CBSE 12th Commerce stream is different from Science as it does not have many practical requirements. Thus, CBSE Class 12 syllabus 2026 divided into theory and project work. Again, students have to get good grades in both to become a topper. Checkout the CBSE 12 commerce exam pattern 2025-26 for Accounts, Business Studies, Economics, etc.
| Subject | Theory Marks | Project/Practical Marks | Total Marks | Duration of Exam |
| Accountancy | 80 | 20 (Project Work) | 100 | 3 Hours |
| Business Studies | 80 | 20 (Project Work) | 100 | 3 Hours |
| Economics | 80 | 20 (Project Work) | 100 | 3 Hours |
| Mathematics | 80 | 20 (Internal Assessment) | 100 | 3 Hours |
| Applied Mathematics | 80 | 20 (Internal Assessment) | 100 | 3 Hours |
| Informatics Practices | 70 | 30 (Practical) | 100 | 3 Hours |
| Entrepreneurship | 70 | 30 (Project Work) | 100 | 3 Hours |
CBSE Class 12 Exam Pattern 2025-26 for Humanities Stream
Humanities stream of CBSE Class 12 comprises subjects that require practical and project exposure. The distribution is 70-30 between theory and practical, and 80-20 in theory and project, respectively. Check out the CBSE Class 12 Arts exam pattern 2025-26 from the table below:
| Subject | Theory Marks | Project/Practical Marks | Total Marks | Duration of Exam |
| History | 80 | 20 (Project Work) | 100 | 3 Hours |
| Geography | 70 | 30 (Practical) | 100 | 3 Hours |
| Political Science | 80 | 20 (Project Work) | 100 | 3 Hours |
| Sociology | 80 | 20 (Project Work) | 100 | 3 Hours |
| Psychology | 70 | 30 (Practical) | 100 | 3 Hours |
| Home Science | 70 | 30 (Practical) | 100 | 3 Hours |
| Physical Education | 70 | 30 (Practical) | 100 | 3 Hours |
| Fine Arts (Painting etc.) | 30 | 70 (Practical) | 100 | 6 Hours (Practical Exam) |
CBSE Class 12 Proposed Scheme for 2026 Board Exams
CBSE has recently published a proposed scheme for Class 10th and 12th. The key highlights from that scheme are provided below. Check their relevance for Class 12 and follow accordingly.
| Point | Summary | Relevant for Class 12? |
| 1 | Class X and XII exams will begin after 15 February. | Yes |
| 2 | Expected students: 26.60 lakh (Class X) and 20 lakh (Class XII). | Yes |
| 3 | Full current syllabus and textbooks for both classes. | Yes |
| 4-7 | Grouping of subjects (Languages, Others) mainly mentioned for Class X. | No direct impact |
| 8-9 | Exams for Languages and Minor subjects in Class X only. | No direct impact |
| 10 | Scheme of studies and examination remains same. | Yes |
| 11 | CWSN facilities continue (for both X and XII). | Yes |
| 12 | No special exam for Sports category (only Class X mentioned). | No |
| 13 | Same exam centres for both attempts. | Yes |
| 14-16 | LOC (List of Candidates) rules apply. | Yes |
| 17 | Second exam LOC opens after result declaration. | Yes |
| 18 | No changes in exam schedule once set. | Yes |
| 19 | Exam fee collected upfront (non-refundable). | Yes |
| 20 | First/Second exam treated as supplementary exams. | Yes |
| 21 | No special exams under any circumstances. | Yes |
| 22 | Verification, Photocopy, Revaluation facilities will be reviewed. | Yes |
| 23-24 | Schools assessed before being exam centres; no self-centres. | Yes |
| 25 | Exams paused only for National Gazetted Holidays. | Yes |
| 26 | Eligibility criteria defined for appearing in exams. | Yes |
| 27-29 | Passing documents only after second exam; DigiLocker facility for first exam results. | Yes |
| 30 | Practical/Internal assessments will be done once. | Yes |
| 31 | Marksheet will show marks from both attempts and best scores. | Yes |
| 32-33 | Admission in Class XI possible based on 2nd exam result; Merit Certificate issued. | Yes |
| 34-36 | Rules about passing subjects and syllabus applicability. | Yes |
| 37 | No additional subjects permitted after passing. | Yes |
| 38 | Subject replacement rules (6th/7th subject case). | Yes |
| 39 | Subject changes after LOC submission only for 2nd exam. | Yes |
| 40 | No extra exams after 2nd attempt; reappear next year if needed. | Yes |
| 41 | Policy review after feedback. | Yes |
| 42 | Examination Bye-Laws will be amended. | Yes |
| Key Conclusion for Class 12:
| ||
Download the Complete CBSE Scheme and Board Exam Policy PDF Here
CBSE Class 12 Board Exam Dates 2026
According to the official draft scheme, CBSE Class 12 Board Exams in 2026 will start on the first Tuesday after 15th February 2026.
- Expected Start Date: 17 February 2026 (Tuesday)
- Exam Duration: Around 38 days (main exams expected to end by early April 2026)
- Result Declaration: By 20 May 2026
The exact dates for each subject will be given later by CBSE in the official Date Sheet.
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Last updated on Jul 2, 2025
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-2026 FAQs
Where can I download the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 PDF?
You can download the updated CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 PDF directly from the official CBSE websites: cbse.gov.in or cbseacademic.nic.in.
Will the CBSE Class 12 Board Exams 2026 be based on the new syllabus?
Yes, the 2026 CBSE Class 12 board exams will be fully based on the updated 2025-26 syllabus released by CBSE.
When will the CBSE Class 12 Board Exams 2026 start?
The CBSE Class 12 Board Exams 2026 are expected to begin on 17 February 2026, which is the first Tuesday after 15 February.
How is the CBSE Class 12 Exam Pattern 2025-26 divided for Science, Commerce, and Humanities?
- Science Stream: Majorly theory-based (70-80 marks) + practicals (20-30 marks).
- Commerce Stream: Theory (80 marks) + project work (20 marks).
- Humanities Stream: A mix of theory and practical/project work depending on the subject.
Is the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 useful for CUET, NEET, and JEE exams?
Yes, the CBSE Class 12 syllabus is the foundation for entrance exams like CUET, NEET, JEE Main, and JEE Advanced. Students should study from NCERT textbooks and the updated syllabus for best results.
Are there any changes for CBSE Class 12 exams under the new two-exam policy?
No, the two-exam system (main + improvement) is currently only for Class 10. For Class 12, the examination pattern remains single-exam based.
What happens if I cannot find my subject's syllabus in the download list?
If your subject's syllabus is not listed, you can visit cbseacademic.nic.in and download it from the "Curriculum" section or refer to the official CBSE circulars.
Has CBSE announced the Class 12 syllabus for 2025–26?
Yes, CBSE has released the revised Class 12 syllabus for the academic year 2025–26 on its official website.
Is NCERT planning any syllabus changes for 2025–26?
Yes, NCERT is making some updates to the syllabus from the 2025–26 session as part of the new education policy.
Will Class 12 students have two board exams in 2025–26?
As per the latest update, CBSE may introduce two-term board exams in 2025–26, but official confirmation is awaited.
Is CBSE reducing the syllabus for the 2025 session?
There is no official notice of syllabus reduction for 2025. Students should follow the latest CBSE syllabus only.
What’s the latest update for CBSE 2025–26?
The latest update includes a revised syllabus and a possible change in the exam pattern under the new curriculum framework.