Collenchyma is a form of permanent tissue that exists within the structure of plants. Permanent tissues are those that have lost their ability to further divide. They reach a specific shape, size, and function.
Permanent tissues in plants are divided into two categories: Simple and Complex. Collenchyma, along with parenchyma and sclerenchyma, are part of the simple permanent tissues. Simple tissues are composed of only a single type of cell, and all the cells within the tissue perform the same function.
The Unique Characteristics of Collenchyma
Collenchyma is a supportive tissue composed of living cells. This flexible tissue is known for providing support to soft and non-woody plant organs. Let's delve into the main characteristics of collenchyma cells:
The cells often adopt an elongated, spherical, oval or polygonal shape.
Cells remain alive even at maturity.
A primary cell wall is a key characteristic.
The primary cell wall is unevenly thickened, primarily at the corners.
The cell wall thickens due to the deposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin.
Cells are arranged compactly, with intercellular spaces mostly absent.
Often, they contain chloroplasts and store food.
They are commonly found beneath the epidermis of most dicot plants, such as in the young stem, midrib, and petiole of leaves.
They can stretch and adapt to the growth of organs like the stem and leaves.
During secondary growth, collenchymatous tissues get crushed with the development of secondary tissues.
They provide mechanical support to the growing parts of the plant, such as the petiole and young stem.
Varied Types of Collenchyma
Collenchyma is divided into four types, based on the thickness of the cell wall. These include:
1. Angular Collenchyma
This type of collenchyma is the most common. In angular collenchyma cells, wall thickening occurs solely at the corners. These cells lack intercellular spaces and possess a circular lumen.
Collenchyma is a type of permanent tissue found in plants. It is a supportive tissue made up of living cells and provides support to soft and non-woody plant organs.
What are the characteristics of Collenchyma cells?
Collenchyma cells are mostly elongated, alive at maturity, contain a primary cell wall which is unevenly thickened, and often contain chloroplasts and store food. They provide mechanical support to the growing parts of the plant.
What are the types of Collenchyma?
Collenchyma is classified into four types based on the cell wall thickening - Angular Collenchyma, Lacunar Collenchyma, Lamellar Collenchyma and Annular Collenchyma.
What is the function of Collenchyma?
The main function of Collenchyma is to provide mechanical support to the growing young parts of the plants. It also provides flexibility, protects leaf margins from tearing, undergoes dedifferentiation to form phellogen or cork cambium and often performs photosynthesis and accumulates food.