Which of the mentioned devices are used for removing vapour phase/gaseous pollutants?

Question

Question

This question was previously asked in

JKSSB JE Civil Jal Shakti 5 Dec 2022 Official Paper (Shift 1)

Answer 1

Concept:

Thermal Oxidiser:

A Thermal Oxidizer (also referred to as a thermal oxidizer or incinerator) is a combustion device that controls volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hazardous air pollutants ( HAPs), and odors by converting (destroying) the emissions into CO2 and H2O through the use of heat before exhausting them to the atmosphere.

Absorption Tower:

A long vertical column is used in industry for absorbing gases.
The gas is introduced at the bottom of the column and the absorbing liquid, often water, passes in at the top and falls against the countercurrent of the gas. The towers are also known as scrubbers.

Catalytic converters:

A catalytic converter uses a chamber called a catalyst to change the harmful compounds from an engine’s emissions into safe gases, like steam.
It works to split up the unsafe molecules in the gases that a car produces before they get released into the air.