Which of the following is the process of converting sugar into alcohol?

​The correct answer is Fermentation.

Key Points

• The process of converting sugar into alcohol is called Fermentation.
• The mechanism by which sugar is converted into alcohol is called fermentation.
• Ethanol Fermentation is a biological process that converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as a side effect, also called alcoholic fermentation.
• To make sugar into alcohol, we need to put grains, fruits or vegetables through a process called fermentation, when yeast or bacteria react with the sugars in food - the by-products are ethanol and carbon dioxide.
• The Alcoholic fermentation converts one mole of glucose into two moles of ethanol and two moles of carbon dioxide, producing two moles of ATP in the process:
• The overall chemical formula for alcoholic fermentation is: C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2 C₂H₅OH + 2 CO₂

Additional Information

• Fermentation is an anaerobic process where even though oxygen is not available, energy can be released from glucose. Fermentation occurs in yeast cells and bacteria and also in the muscles of animals. It is an anaerobic pathway in which glucose is broken down.
• In 1857, Louis Pasteur was the scientist who discovered the fermentation process.
• Alcoholic fermentation is the process of using yeast to convert sugars into alcohol. Distillation is a process used to higher-ABV beverages from already-fermented base products. For example, the distillation of beer wort creates whiskey, while the distillation of wine produces brandy.
• Some more examples of fermentation are alcoholic beverages, bread, yoghurt, sauerkraut, apple cider vinegar, and kombucha.