Which of the following are popular models of concurrent programming?
(a) Shared memory
(b) Branch and bound
(c) Message passing
(d) Event-driven

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  1. (a), (b), (c), (d)
  2. (a) and (b) only
  3. (b), (c) and (d) only
  4. (a) and (c) only

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : (a) and (c) only
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The correct answer is Option 4) (a) and (c) only.

Key Points

  • There are two primary models of concurrent programming:
    • Shared Memory Model: Multiple processes/threads communicate by reading and writing to shared variables or memory regions.
    • Message Passing Model: Processes communicate by sending and receiving messages, useful in distributed systems where memory isn't shared.
  • These models form the core of designing concurrent or parallel programs across systems and architectures.

Additional Information

  • (b) Branch and Bound: ❌ It is an algorithm design paradigm for optimization problems, not a concurrency model.
  • (d) Event-driven: ❌ It is a design paradigm based on responding to events (like GUI or asynchronous I/O), and not specifically a concurrency model.

Conclusion: (a) Shared Memory and (c) Message Passing are the correct and popular models for concurrent programming.

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