When vanes are fixed to hub and they are not adjustable then the turbine is?

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JSSC JE Civil Re-Exam 31 Oct 2022 Official Paper-II
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  1. Kaplan turbine
  2. Francis turbine
  3. Propeller turbine
  4. Pelton turbine

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Propeller turbine
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Explanation:

  • In a propeller turbine, the vanes or blades are indeed fixed to the hub and they are not adjustable. This makes them distinct from Kaplan turbines, which also have propeller-like blades, but these blades can be adjusted to maximize efficiency at different flow rates or heads.
  • A propeller turbine has a relatively simple design, consisting of a propeller attached to a rotating shaft. When fluid (like air or water) flows over these fixed blades, it causes the rotor to spin, which turns the turbine and generates energy.
  • The angle of attack, or the angle at which fluid meets the blades, is fixed, making the turbine more efficient under consistent flow conditions.
  • Because the angle of the blades in a propeller turbine cannot be adjusted in response to changes in flow or load, the efficiency of a propeller turbine can decrease under varying operating conditions.
  • However, despite this potential loss of efficiency, propeller turbines see substantial use due to their simplified design, lower manufacturing cost, and ease of maintenance compared to variable-pitch turbines.
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