Question
Download Solution PDFWhat is the minimum residual chlorine desired after the chlorination process?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFExplanation
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Residual chlorine is the amount of chlorine left in the water after a certain contact time, ensuring ongoing disinfection.
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The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and WHO guidelines recommend a minimum of 0.2 ppm (or mg/L) of free residual chlorine after 30 minutes of contact time at pH < 8.
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This ensures that the water remains safe from microbial contamination during storage and distribution.
Additional Information
Types of Chlorine Residual:
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Free Residual Chlorine: Most effective form, includes hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite ion (OCl⁻).
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Combined Residual Chlorine: Reacts with ammonia to form chloramines—less effective but more stable.
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Total Residual Chlorine: Sum of free and combined residual chlorine.
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