The tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract a shared pair of electrons toward itself, is known as:

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  1. electro-positivity
  2. electron affinity 
  3. electro attraction
  4. electronegativity

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Option 4 : electronegativity
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The correct answer is electronegativity

Key Points

  • Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract a shared pair of electrons toward itself.
  • It is a fundamental concept in chemistry that helps in understanding the behavior of atoms in molecules.
  • Elements with high electronegativity, such as fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen, strongly attract electrons towards themselves.
  • The concept of electronegativity is crucial in predicting the nature of bonds between atoms, whether they will be ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent.

Additional Information

  • The concept of electronegativity was first introduced by Linus Pauling in 1932.
  • Electronegativity values are often measured on the Pauling scale, where fluorine is assigned the highest value of 4.0.
  • Electronegativity can influence various chemical properties, including bond strength, bond length, and the overall polarity of molecules.
  • Understanding electronegativity is essential for predicting the behavior of molecules in chemical reactions and for designing new chemical compounds.
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