The reciprocal of resistance is called

Explanation:

The Reciprocal of Resistance is Called Conductance

Definition: Conductance is a measure of how easily electric current flows through a material or component. It is defined as the reciprocal of resistance. Mathematically, if resistance (R) is expressed in ohms (Ω), the conductance (G) is given by:

G = 1 / R

Here, G is the conductance and is measured in Siemens (S), which is the SI unit of conductance. Conductance quantifies the ability of a material to conduct electric current. A higher conductance value indicates that the material offers less resistance to the flow of current and is a better conductor.

Working Principle:

In any electrical circuit, resistance opposes the flow of electric current, while conductance facilitates it. Conductance provides a complementary perspective to resistance, emphasizing how well a circuit element allows current to pass through it. For example, if a resistor has a resistance of 10 Ω, its conductance would be:

G = 1 / R = 1 / 10 = 0.1 S

This means the resistor has a conductance of 0.1 Siemens, indicating its ability to conduct electric current is inversely proportional to its resistance.

Applications of Conductance:

• Electrical Circuit Analysis: Conductance is a fundamental parameter used in analyzing and designing electrical circuits.
• Material Characterization: It is used to evaluate the conductive properties of materials in various engineering and scientific applications.
• Semiconductor Devices: Conductance plays a critical role in analyzing the performance of diodes, transistors, and other semiconductor devices.
• Power Systems: In power systems, conductance is used to study energy dissipation and the efficiency of electrical components.

Advantages of Conductance:

• Provides an intuitive understanding of how easily current flows through a circuit or material.
• Useful for simplifying complex electrical circuit calculations, especially when dealing with parallel resistive networks.
• Helps in characterizing the quality of conductive materials and devices.

Correct Option Analysis:

The correct option is:

Option 2: Conductance

Conductance is the reciprocal of resistance, as explained above. It measures how well a material or circuit component allows the flow of electric current. The SI unit of conductance is Siemens (S), and it is a critical parameter in electrical engineering for analyzing and designing circuits.

Additional Information

To further understand the analysis, let’s evaluate the other options:

Option 1: Impedance

Impedance is not the reciprocal of resistance. Instead, it is the measure of opposition that a circuit presents to the flow of alternating current (AC). Impedance is a complex quantity that combines resistance (real part) and reactance (imaginary part). It is represented as:

Z = R + jX

Where Z is impedance, R is resistance, X is reactance, and j is the imaginary unit. Impedance is measured in ohms (Ω), similar to resistance, but it applies specifically to AC circuits. Hence, this option is incorrect in the context of the reciprocal of resistance.

Option 3: Inductance

Inductance is a property of an electrical component (usually a coil or inductor) that opposes changes in current flowing through it. It is defined as the ratio of the induced electromotive force (EMF) to the rate of change of current. The unit of inductance is Henry (H). Inductance is not related to resistance or its reciprocal, making this option incorrect for the given question.

Option 4: Susceptance

Susceptance is related to the imaginary part of admittance in AC circuits. It quantifies the ease with which a circuit allows the flow of reactive power. While susceptance is the reciprocal of reactance, it is not the reciprocal of resistance. Susceptance is measured in Siemens (S), but it pertains to AC circuits and reactive components like inductors and capacitors. Therefore, this option is also incorrect.

Conclusion:

Understanding the reciprocal relationship between resistance and conductance is essential for analyzing electrical circuits and components. Conductance, as the reciprocal of resistance, provides valuable insights into the ease of current flow through a material or circuit. The other options, while relevant in specific contexts, do not represent the reciprocal of resistance. Consequently, the correct answer to the question is Option 2: Conductance.