The cylinder block and head are generally made up of-

Explanation:

Cylinder head:

• The cylinder head is made of a single casting.
• It is bolted on the top of the cylinder block.
• A cylinder block of a two-wheeler engine is generally made up of aluminum alloy and cast iron.
• It has passages for oil and water circulation.
• It accommodates valves, spark plugs/ injectors (in the case of diesel engines), and heater plugs.
• A combustion chamber is also provided in some cylinder heads.
• In the case of the overhead valve system, the cylinder head supports the rocker shaft assembly.
• The lower surface of the cylinder head is machined to the specified accuracy and a gasket is used in between the cylinder head and cylinder block to avoid leakage.
• The head also provided spaces for the passages that feed air, and water fuel to the cylinder and allow the exhaust to escape.
• The following materials are used in the cylinder head gasket:
  • Copper - asbestos gasket
  • Steel - asbestos - copper gasket
  • Steel - asbestos gasket
  • Single steel ridged gasket
• Cylinder head gaskets are the most critical seal in an engine between the cylinder head and the engine block deck.
• The head gasket must seal the combustion pressures up to 1,000 psi (689.5 kPa) in gasoline engines and 2,700 psi (1,862 kPa) in turbocharged diesel engines.
• In addition, the head gasket must withstand combustion temperatures that are in excess of 2,000°F (1,100°C).