Speciation is the process by which independently evolving lineages, i.e., species, are formed. When speciation occurs between adjacent populations within a broadly continuous habitat is called

The correct answer is Parapatric speciation

Concept:

• Speciation is the process by which independently evolving lineages, i.e., species, are formed.
• It involves the divergence of populations into distinct species through genetic differentiation and reproductive isolation.

Explanation:

• Parapatric Speciation:
  • This type of speciation occurs between adjacent populations within a broadly continuous habitat.
  • Unlike allopatric speciation, there is no physical barrier separating the populations.
  • Gene flow is reduced due to environmental gradients or differences in selection pressures across the habitat.
  • Over time, these differences can lead to reproductive isolation and the formation of new species.

Other Options (Incorrect):

• Allopatric Speciation:
  • Occurs when populations are geographically separated by physical barriers such as mountains, rivers, or oceans.
  • Isolation prevents gene flow between populations, leading to divergence and speciation.
• Peripatric Speciation:
  • Similar to allopatric speciation but involves a small population isolated at the edge of a larger population.
  • Genetic drift and selection pressures in the isolated population lead to rapid speciation.
• Sympatric Speciation:
  • Occurs without geographical separation.
  • New species arise within the same habitat through mechanisms such as polyploidy, sexual selection, or ecological niche differentiation.