Match List - I with List - II.

List – I		List - II
A.	Gramsci	I.	Pragmatism
B.	Charles S. Peirce	II.	Feminism
C.	Jean Francois Lyotard	III.	Maxism
D.	Nel Noddings	IV.	Post modernism

Choose the correct answer from the options given below : 

The correct answer is - A - III, B - I, C - IV, D - II

Key Points

• Gramsci - Marxism
  • Antonio Gramsci was an Italian Marxist philosopher and communist politician.
  • He is best known for his theory of cultural hegemony, which describes how the state and ruling capitalist class use cultural institutions to maintain power in capitalist societies.
• Charles S. Peirce - Pragmatism
  • Charles Sanders Peirce was an American philosopher, logician, and mathematician.
  • He is known as the father of pragmatism, a philosophical tradition that considers the practical consequences of an idea to be its essential component.
• Jean Francois Lyotard - Postmodernism
  • Jean-François Lyotard was a French philosopher and sociologist.
  • He is best known for his work "The Postmodern Condition," which is a foundational text in postmodern theory.
• Nel Noddings - Feminism
  • Nel Noddings is an American feminist, educationalist, and philosopher.
  • She is best known for her work in the philosophy of education and care ethics.

Additional Information

• Marxism
  • A socio-economic analysis that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand class relations and social conflict.
  • Developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the mid-to-late 19th century.
• Pragmatism
  • A philosophical tradition that began in the United States around 1870.
  • Pragmatists consider thought as an instrument or tool for prediction, problem-solving, and action.
• Postmodernism
  • A broad movement that developed in the mid-to-late 20th century across philosophy, the arts, architecture, and criticism.
  • It is characterized by broad skepticism, subjectivism, or relativism; a general suspicion of reason; and an acute sensitivity to the role of ideology in asserting and maintaining political and economic power.
• Feminism
  • A range of social movements, political movements, and ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes.
  • Feminism incorporates the position that societies prioritize the male point of view, and that women are treated unjustly within those societies.