In which year did Galileo describe the regular, swinging motion of a pendulum by the action of gravity and acquired momentum? 

The correct answer is 1602Key Points

•  Galileo Galilei discovered the law that describes the regular swinging motion of a pendulum in 1602
• In the early 17th century, the study of motion was evolving.
• Before Galileo, the prevailing theories were primarily based on Aristotle's ideas, which did not accurately describe how objects moved under the influence of gravity.
• A pendulum consists of a mass (or bob) attached to a string or rod that swings back and forth under the influence of gravity.
• Galileo discovered that the time taken for a pendulum to swing back and forth  is constant, regardless of the as long as the angle is small.
  • This property is known as isochronism. 
• He formulated ideas about acceleration due to gravity, which later influenced Isaac Newton's laws of motion.

Additional Information

•  Galileo Galilei
  • ​Galileo was born on February 15, 1564, in Pisa, Italy.
  • Galileo improved the design of the telescope and used it for astronomical observations. In 1610,
  • He discovered:
    • The Moons of Jupiter:
      • He observed the four largest moons (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto), which provided evidence against the geocentric model of the universe.
    • Phases of Venus:
      • He documented the phases of Venus, supporting the heliocentric model proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus,
        • which stated that the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun.