In which type of heat exchanger is the temperature gradient between the two fluids more uniform along the length of the exchanger?

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  1. Both exhibit the same temperature gradient uniformity
  2. Counter flow heat exchanger
  3. The type of flow does not affect temperature gradient uniformity 
  4. Parallel flow heat exchanger

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Counter flow heat exchanger
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Explanation:

Counter Flow Heat Exchanger

Definition: A counter flow heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger where the two fluids flow in opposite directions. This design allows for the maximum temperature difference between the fluids to occur at every point along the length of the heat exchanger, leading to more efficient heat transfer compared to other configurations.

Working Principle: In a counter flow heat exchanger, the hot fluid enters at one end and flows towards the other end, while the cold fluid enters at the opposite end and flows in the opposite direction. This counter-current flow arrangement ensures that the temperature gradient between the two fluids remains relatively uniform along the length of the heat exchanger.

Advantages:

  • Higher thermal efficiency compared to parallel flow heat exchangers due to the uniform temperature gradient.
  • Ability to achieve a greater temperature change in the fluids.
  • More effective in transferring heat when there are large temperature differences between the fluids.

Disadvantages:

  • More complex design and construction compared to parallel flow heat exchangers.
  • Potential for higher pressure drops due to the longer flow paths.

Applications: Counter flow heat exchangers are commonly used in applications where efficient heat transfer is crucial, such as in power plants, refrigeration systems, and chemical processing industries.

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