For which of the following situations, linear programming can be applied?

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BPSC Lecturer ME Held on July 2016 (Advt. 35/2014)
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  1. Material selection problems
  2. Product design problems
  3. Scheduling of production to meet sales forecast
  4. Quenching problems

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Material selection problems

Detailed Solution

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Explanation:

Linear programming (LP)

  • Linear programming (LP) in industrial engineering is used for the optimization of our limited resources when there is a number of alternate solutions possible for the problem like material selection.
  • The real-life problems can be written in the form of a linear equation by specifying the relation between its variables
  • Linear programming is used for obtaining the most optimal solution for a problem with given constraints.
  • Using linear programming requires defined variables and constraints, to find the largest objective function (maximization).
  • In some cases, linear programming is instead used for the smallest possible objective function value (minimization).
  • Linear programming requires the creation of inequalities and then graphing those to solve problems.
  • Some linear programming can be done manually.
  • When the variables and calculations become too complex and require the use of computational software.

Forecasting and Scheduling:

1. Forecasting:

  • The main purpose of forecasting is to estimate the occurrence, timing, or magnitude of future events.
  • Once, the reliable forecast for the demand is available, good planning of activities is needed to meet the future demand.
  • Forecasting thus provides input to the planning and scheduling process

2. Scheduling:

  • Scheduling involves fixing the priorities for different jobs and deciding the starting and finishing time of each job.
  • The main purpose of scheduling is to prepare a time-table indicating the time.
  • Scheduling is used to allocate resources over time to accomplish specific tasks.
  • It should take account of the technical requirement of the task, available capacity, and forecasted demand.
  • The output plan should be translated into operations, timing, and schedule on the shop floor.
  • Detailed scheduling encompasses the formation of the starting and finishing time of all jobs at each operational facility.
  • Gant Chart is used for scheduling after forecasting.
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