Every year, the Human Development Index is released by ________.

The correct answer is United Nations Development Programme.

Key Points

• The Human Development Index (HDI) is released annually by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
• HDI measures a country's development based on three key dimensions: health (life expectancy), education (mean and expected years of schooling), and standard of living (GNI per capita).
• The index was first introduced in 1990 by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and Indian economist Amartya Sen.
• It ranks countries on a scale from 0 to 1, where higher values indicate better human development.
• The latest HDI report includes data and analysis to address global challenges, such as inequality, climate change, and crises affecting human progress.

Additional Information

• Human Development Report (HDR):
  • The HDI is part of the annual Human Development Report published by the UNDP.
  • The HDR focuses on broader aspects of human development beyond economic growth.
  • It aims to provide actionable solutions for policymakers worldwide to address inequalities and improve human well-being.
• Key Dimensions of HDI:
  • Measured by life expectancy at birth.
  • Education: Includes mean years of schooling for adults and expected years of schooling for children.
  • Standard of Living: Measured using Gross National Income (GNI) per capita adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP).
• Types of Indices in Human Development Reports:
  • Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI): Accounts for inequality in distribution of HDI dimensions.
  • Gender Development Index (GDI): Compares HDI values for men and women.
  • Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI): Measures poverty based on deprivations in health, education, and living standards.
• UNDP's Role:
  • The UNDP works globally to reduce poverty, inequality, and exclusion.
  • It collaborates with governments, civil society, and private organizations to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs).
  • As part of its mandate, UNDP releases research and policy recommendations through flagship reports like the HDR.