Religious Movements MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Religious Movements - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Jahangir.

​​Key Points

• ​​Tukaram was born in 1608 and died in 1649, while Jahangir ruled from 1605 to 1627.
• This means that Tukaram was alive and active during the reign of Jahangir.
• Tukaram was a Marathi Bhakti poet and devotee of Lord Krishna.
• He is considered one of the most important figures in the Bhakti movement, which was a Hindu religious reform movement that emphasized the importance of personal devotion to God.
• Tukaram's teachings and poetry were very popular, and they helped to spread the message of the Bhakti movement throughout Maharashtra.
• Jahangir was the fourth Mughal emperor.
• He was known for his interest in art, literature, and music.
• He was also a tolerant ruler, and he allowed Hindus to practice their religion freely.
• This made him a popular figure among the Hindus of Maharashtra, and it is likely that he was aware of Tukaram's teachings.
• It is possible that Tukaram and Jahangir may have met at some point.
• However, there is no historical record of this meeting.

• Nevertheless, the fact that Tukaram was a contemporary of Jahangir is significant, as it shows that the Bhakti movement was flourishing during the Mughal period.

​So the correct answer is Jahangir.

The correct answer is Tevaram.

Key Points

• The Tevaram is a collection of Tamil devotional hymns dedicated to Lord Shiva, composed by the Tamil Shaivite saints Appar, Sambandar, and Sundarar.
• This anthology is part of the larger Saiva canon called Panniru Tirumurai (Twelve Sacred Books) and is considered one of the foundational texts of Tamil Shaivism.
• The hymns were compiled and classified in the 10th century CE during the Chola dynasty under the guidance of Nambi Andar Nambi.
• The collection emphasizes the musical structure of the songs, known as "Pann," which corresponds to specific Tamil musical modes.
• The Tevaram holds a significant place in Tamil literature and religious tradition, being recited in temples and during festivals to this day.

Additional Information

• Appar (Tirunavukkarasar): One of the composers of the Tevaram, Appar was known for his deep devotion and the philosophy of surrender to Lord Shiva.
• Sambandar: A child prodigy and poet, Sambandar composed hymns that extolled the glory of Shiva and played a pivotal role in the Shaiva revival movement.
• Sundarar: The third saint, Sundarar, composed hymns that reflect his personal relationship with Shiva and his experiences as a devotee.
• Panniru Tirumurai: The "Twelve Sacred Books" of Tamil Shaivism include the Tevaram and other key texts like Tiruvacakam and Tirumandiram, which have shaped Tamil devotional culture.
• Musical Tradition: The hymns of the Tevaram are set to Tamil musical modes called "Pann," which are considered precursors to Carnatic music ragas.

The correct answer is Bhupinder Singh of Patiala.

Key Points

• Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala was a notable patron of the Sikh community and played a key role in preserving Sikh religious and cultural heritage.
• He contributed significantly to the construction and renovation of Sikh religious shrines, including the Golden Temple in Amritsar.
• The Maharaja supported Sikh institutions, including funding for educational initiatives and religious activities to promote Sikhism.
• He was a key figure in the Sikh community during the early 20th century and maintained close ties with the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC).
• Maharaja Bhupinder Singh is also remembered for his efforts to preserve Sikh traditions and for promoting unity within the Sikh community.

Additional Information

• Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib):
  • The Golden Temple, located in Amritsar, Punjab, is the holiest shrine in Sikhism.
  • It was founded by the fourth Sikh Guru, Guru Ram Das, and later completed by Guru Arjan Dev.
  • The temple represents Sikh values of equality, unity, and service to humanity.
• Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC):
  • The SGPC is an organization responsible for managing Sikh gurdwaras and promoting Sikh religious activities.
  • It plays a vital role in preserving Sikh history, culture, and traditions.
• Princely States of India:
  • During British rule, princely states were semi-autonomous regions governed by local monarchs under British suzerainty.
  • Patiala was one of the largest princely states in Punjab.
• Bhupinder Singh's Legacy:
  • Apart from his contributions to Sikhism, Maharaja Bhupinder Singh is also remembered for his progressive reforms in Patiala, including modern infrastructure and military advancements.
  • He was an influential leader and diplomat, representing India in international arenas, such as the League of Nations.

Guru Gobind Singh laid the foundation of the ‘Khalsa Panth’.

Key Points

• In the late seventeenth century the tenth preceptor, Guru Gobind Singh, included the compositions of the ninth guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur, and this scripture was called the Guru Granth Sahib.
• Guru Gobind Singh also laid the foundation of the Khalsa Panth (army of the pure) and defined its five symbols: uncut hair, a dagger, a pair of shorts, a comb and a steel bangle.
• Under him the community got consolidated as a socio-religious and military force. 
• The Khalsa upholds the highest Sikh characteristics of devotion, commitment, and social awareness.

• The Khalsa are men and women who have been baptized in the Sikh faith and who adhere to the Sikh Code of Conduct and Conventions.

Hence, we can conclude that Guru Gobind Singh laid the foundation of the ‘Khalsa Panth’.

Additional Information

• Guru Nanak:
  • ​He is the first Guru of the Sikhs.
  • Sikhism was founded by him.
• Guru Arjan Dev:
  • ​He was Guru Ram Das's son and successor.
  • He constructed the Harmandir Sahib, also known as the Golden Temple.
• Guru Tegh Bahadur:
  • ​He was the ninth guru of the Sikhs.
  • He was the youngest son of Guru Hargobind, the sixth Sikh guru.

The correct answer is Guru Gobind Singh.Key PointsGuru Gobind Singh

• The tenth and the last guru of Sikhs, Guru Gobind Singh was born on 5 January 1666 in Patna, Bihar.
• ​He became a Guru at the age of 9 on 24 November 1675. He was the tenth and last Guru of Sikhism.
  • He introduced the five Ks of Sikhism which refers to the 5 items that a Khalsa Sikh should wear at all times. These are as follows:​
  • Kesh- uncut hair
  • Kangha- a wooden comb for hair
  • Kirpan- iron dagger
  • Kara- an iron bracelet
  • Kachera- cotton tieable undergarments

Additional Information Guru Tegh Bahadur:

• He was the ninth of ten Gurus of the Sikh religion.
• Aurangzeb beheaded Guru Tegh Bahadur in 1675.
• He founded the city of Anandpur Sahib in Punjab in 1665.

Guru Nanak:

• He was the founder of the Sikh religion.

• His teachings are found in the Guru Granth Sahib.

• Guru Nanak emphasized the worship of one God.

• He started the practice of "Langer".

Guru Angad-

• He was the second of ten Gurus of the Sikh religion.
• He also developed the Gurumukhi script.

Guru Arjan Dev:

• He was the fifth Sikh guru.
• He was credited with compiling of the first official edition of the Sikh scripture called the Adi Granth, 
• He built the famous Harmandar Sahib, popularly known as the Golden Temple in Amritsar.
• He was killed by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir.

Guru Ram Das

• Guru Ram Das, fourth of the 10 gurus.
• He founded the city of Amritsar.

Guru Har Gobind

• He was the son of Guru Arjan Dev and was known as a "soldier saint”.
• He was the sixth of the 10 gurus.
• He organized a small army and became the first Guru to take up arms to defend the faith.

Guru Har Rai

• He was the seventh of the 10 gurus.
• He gave shelter to Dara Shikoh, the eldest son of Mughal Ruler Shah Jahan, who was later persecuted by Aurangazeb.

Important Points Order of Sikh Gurus

• Guru Nanak
• Guru Angad
• Guru Amar Das
• Guru Ram Das
• Guru Arjan Dev
• Guru Hargobind
• Guru Har Rai
• Guru Har Kishan
• Guru Teg Bahadur
• Guru Gobind Singh

The correct answer is Guru Gobind Singh.Key Points

• Khalsa tradition was initiated in 1699 by the Tenth Guru of Sikhism, Guru Gobind Singh.
• Its formation was a key event in the history of Sikhism.
• The founding of Khalsa is celebrated by Sikhs during the festival of Vaisakhi.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Guru Gobind Singh.Key PointsGuru Gobind Singh

• The tenth and the last guru of Sikhs, Guru Gobind Singh was born on 5 January 1666 in Patna, Bihar.
• ​He became a Guru at the age of 9 on 24 November 1675. He was the tenth and last Guru of Sikhism.
  • He introduced the five Ks of Sikhism which refers to the 5 items that a Khalsa Sikh should wear at all times. These are as follows:​
  • Kesh- uncut hair
  • Kangha- a wooden comb for hair
  • Kirpan- iron dagger
  • Kara- an iron bracelet
  • Kachera- cotton tieable undergarments

Additional Information Guru Tegh Bahadur:

• He was the ninth of ten Gurus of the Sikh religion.
• Aurangzeb beheaded Guru Tegh Bahadur in 1675.
• He founded the city of Anandpur Sahib in Punjab in 1665.

Guru Nanak:

• He was the founder of the Sikh religion.

• His teachings are found in the Guru Granth Sahib.

• Guru Nanak emphasized the worship of one God.

• He started the practice of "Langer".

Guru Angad-

• He was the second of ten Gurus of the Sikh religion.
• He also developed the Gurumukhi script.

Guru Arjan Dev:

• He was the fifth Sikh guru.
• He was credited with compiling of the first official edition of the Sikh scripture called the Adi Granth, 
• He built the famous Harmandar Sahib, popularly known as the Golden Temple in Amritsar.
• He was killed by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir.

Guru Ram Das

• Guru Ram Das, fourth of the 10 gurus.
• He founded the city of Amritsar.

Guru Har Gobind

• He was the son of Guru Arjan Dev and was known as a "soldier saint”.
• He was the sixth of the 10 gurus.
• He organized a small army and became the first Guru to take up arms to defend the faith.

Guru Har Rai

• He was the seventh of the 10 gurus.
• He gave shelter to Dara Shikoh, the eldest son of Mughal Ruler Shah Jahan, who was later persecuted by Aurangazeb.

Important Points Order of Sikh Gurus

• Guru Nanak
• Guru Angad
• Guru Amar Das
• Guru Ram Das
• Guru Arjan Dev
• Guru Hargobind
• Guru Har Rai
• Guru Har Kishan
• Guru Teg Bahadur
• Guru Gobind Singh

The correct answer is Banda Bahadur.

Key Points

• After Guru Gobind Singh's death, the institution of Guruship came to an end and the leadership of the Sikhs passed to his trusted disciple Banda Singh Bahadur.
• Banda Singh Bahadur was a Sikh warrior & a commander of the Khalsa army.
• Since creating his Khalsa rule at Punjab, Banda Singh Bahadur had abolished the zamindari regime & had given "property rights" to the land tiller.
• Banda Singh had rallied together with the lower castes & peasants of Punjab from "Delhi to Lahore"  and had undertaken a vigorous "unequal struggle" against the army of Mughal for almost 8  years.
• However, in the year 1715, he was captured and put to death. There many reasons for his failure. One, the Mughal army was very strong, and second the upper castes & classes of Punjab had joined forces against Banda Singh Bahadur because of his campaign for the rural poor & the lower castes.​

Additional Information

• Guru Nanak Dev was the first Sikh guru. 
• Guru Arjan Dev was executed by Mughal Emperor Jahangir.
• Khalsa Panth - a kind of Praetorian Guard was founded by Guru Gobind Singh on April 13, 1699.
• Guru Har Krishan was the youngest Sikh guru, he became guru at the age of 5. 

Important Points

• Golden temple:-
  • Guru Arjan Sahib got its foundation laid by a muslim saint Hazrat Mian Mir ji of Lahore on 1st of Magh, 1645 Bikrmi Samvat (December,1588).
  • The construction work was directly supervised by Guru Arjan Sahib himself.
  • The planning to excavate the holy tank (Amritsar or Amrit Sarovar ) was chalked out by Guru Amardas Sahib, the Third Nanak.
  •  But it was executed by Guru Ramdas Sahib under the supervision of Baba Budha ji. 

The correct answer is option 1, i.e Nayanar.

• Nayanar is called Shaivism in the Bhakti Movement.

• The seventh to ninth centuries saw the emergence of new religious movements, led by the Nayanars (saints devoted to Shiva) and Alvars (saints devoted to Vishnu).

• They came from all castes including those considered “untouchable” like the Pulaiyar and the Panars.

• They were sharply critical of the Buddhists and Jains and preached ardent love of Shiva or Vishnu as the path to salvation.
• They drew upon the ideals of love and heroism as found in the Sangam literature (the earliest example of Tamil literature, composed during the early centuries of the Common Era), and blended them with the values of bhakti.
• There were 63 Nayanars, best known among them were Appar, Sambandar, Sundarar and Manikkavasagar.
• There were 12 Alvars, who came from equally divergent backgrounds, the best known being Periyalvar, his daughter Andal, Tondaradippodi Alvar and Nammalvar.
• Their songs were compiled in the Divya Prabandham.

Trick to remember - If you reverse "A" of Alvar, you get V or Vishnu. Hence Alvars are devotees of Vishnu. The other term would be for Shiva Devotees.

​Bodhisattva:

• An individual who is on the path of getting enlightenment to become a buddha is referred to as Bodhisattva.

Wali:

• The terms Sufi, Wali, Darvesh, and Faqir are used for Muslim saints.
• Wali was a Sufi who claimed proximity to Allah.
• They are the saints who attempted to achieve the development of their intuitive faculties through ascetic exercises, contemplation, renunciation, and self-denial. 

The correct answer is Guru Ram Das.

• Guru Ram Das (1574 - 1581), fourth of the 10 gurus, founded the city of Amritsar.
• He started the construction of the famous Golden Temple at Amritsar, the holy city of the Sikhs.
• He requested the Muslim Sufi, Mian Mir to lay the cornerstone of the Harmandir Sahib.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Guru Tegh Bahadur.

Key Points

• Guru Tegh Bahadur was the ninth Guru of the Sikhs.
  • He is the second Sikh martyr.
  • He was born at Amritsar in Punjab in 1621.
  • He was also the father of Guru Gobind Singh.
  • Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed in Delhi in 1675 under the orders of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.

Important Points

• Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth Sikh Guru.
• Guru Amar Das was the third Guru of the Sikhs.
  • He struggled against the Sati system and the Purdah system.
• Guru Arjan Dev was the fifth Guru of the Sikhs.
  • He founded the Swarn mandir and composed the Adi Granth

The correct answer is Guru Nanak Dev Ji.

Key Points

• Guru Nanak Dev Ji was the contemporary of the Mughal Emporer - Babur.
• There are 10 Sikh gurus.

Additional Information

• Important points to remember about the 10 Sikh Gurus are:

The correct answer is Shri Guru Gobind Singh ji.

Key Points

• Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth Guru of the Sikhs.
  • He is the son of Guru Tegh Bahadur.
  • He was born in Patna, Bihar in 1666. 
  • Khalsa Panth, a community that considers Sikhism as its faith was founded by Guru Gobind Singh.
  • Guru Gobind Singh was considered as the last human Sikh Guru.

Additional Information

• Shri Guru Tegh Bahadur was the ninth Guru of the Sikhs.
  • He is the second Sikh martyr.
  • He was born at Amritsar in Punjab in 1621.
  • Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed in Delhi in 1675 under the orders of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
• Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji is the founder of the Sikh religion.
  • Guru Nanak was born on 14th April 1469 at Rai Bhoi di Talvandi(Present day Nankana Sahib) in Pakistan.
  • His birthplace is marked by Gurdwara Janam Asthan.
  • He is considered the first of the ten Sikh Gurus.
• ​Shri Guru Hargobind was the sixth of ten Gurus of the Sikh religion.
  • The process of militarization in Sikhism was introduced by ​Guru Hargobind.
  • The Akal Takht, one of five takhts (seats of power) of the Sikhs was built by Shri Guru Hargobind.

The correct answer is Mughals.

Key Points

• After the death of Shri Guru Gobind Singh, the Sikhs revolted against the Mughals under the leadership of Banda Bahadur. 
• After Guru Gobind Singh's death, the institution of Guruship came to an end and the leadership of the Sikhs passed to his trusted disciple Banda Singh Bahadur.
• Banda Singh Bahadur was a Sikh warrior & a commander of the Khalsa army.
• Since creating his Khalsa rule in Punjab, Banda Singh Bahadur had abolished the zamindari regime & had given "property rights" to the land tiller.
• Banda Singh had rallied together with the lower castes & peasants of Punjab from "Delhi to Lahore" and had undertaken a vigorous "unequal struggle" against the army of Mughals for almost 8  years.
• However, in the year 1715, he was captured and put to death. 
• There are many reasons for his failure. One, the Mughal army was very strong, and second, the upper castes & classes of Punjab had joined forces against Banda Singh Bahadur because of his campaign for the rural poor & the lower castes.

Additional Information

• Gurus of Sikh-
  1. Guru Nanak - founder of Sikhism
  2. Guru Angad
  3. Guru Amar Das
  4. Guru Ram Das
  5. Guru Arjan 
  6. Guru Hargobind
  7. Guru Har Rai
  8. Guru Har Krishan
  9. Guru Tegh Bahadur
  10. Guru Gobind Singh - introduced Khalsa, 'five Ks', proclaimed Guru Granth Sahib as the future and final Guru

The correct answer is Guru Angad Dev

Key Points

• Guru Angad Dev was the second of the ten human form Gurus (divine messengers) of the Sikh faith.
• Guru Angad invented the present form of the Gurmukhi script.
• It became the medium of writing the Punjabi language in which the hymns of the Gurus are expressed.

Additional Information

Sikh Gurus:

1. Guru Nanak Dev (1469 -1539)
2. Guru Angad Dev (1539 -1552)
3. Guru Amar Das Sahib (1552 - 1574)
4. Guru Ram Das Sahib (1574 - 1581)
5. Guru Arjan Dev (1581 - 1606)
6. Guru Har Gobind Sahib (1606 - 1644)
7. Guru Har Rai Sahib (1644 - 1661)
8. Guru Har Krishan Sahib (1661 - 1664)
9. Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib (1665 - 1675)
10. Guru Gobind Singh Sahib (1675 - 1708)
11. Guru Granth Sahib (1708 - eternity)