National movement (1919 - 1939) MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for National movement (1919 - 1939) - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is option 4, i.e Chauri- Chaura incident.

The correct answer is the Civil Disobedience Movement, 1930.

Key Points

•  The "Pledge of Independence" was officially promulgated around Civil Disobedience Movement, 1930.

Additional Information 

• The 'Pledge of Independence' Declaration of Purna Swaraj was read at Lahore Congress on January 26, 1930.
• The "Indian Declaration of Independence" of 26 December 1929 boldly stated: "We believe that it is the inalienable right of the Indian people, as of any other people, to have the freedom and to enjoy the fruits of their toil and have the necessities of life, so that they may have full opportunities of growth".
• The British Government in India has not only deprived the Indian people of their freedom but has based itself on the exploitation of the masses, and has ruined India economically, politically, culturally and spiritually. We believe, therefore, that India must sever the British connection and attain Purna Swaraj or complete independence."
• The Congress declared 26 January 1930 as 'Independence Day', when the Declaration of Independence was officially promulgated.

The correct answer is Nai Talim or Basic Education.

Key Points

• The Wardha Scheme of Basic Education, also known as Nai Talim, was proposed in 1937 by Mahatma Gandhi to promote education based on Indian culture and self-reliance.
• The scheme emphasized learning through productive manual work, such as spinning, weaving, and agriculture, to connect education with the practical needs of life.
• The medium of instruction was to be the mother tongue, making education accessible to the masses and reducing dependency on foreign languages like English.
• Nai Talim sought to eliminate the divide between manual labor and intellectual work, fostering dignity of labor and self-sufficiency.
• The idea was formally adopted at the Wardha Conference (1937), chaired by Mahatma Gandhi, and subsequently served as a framework for basic education in India.

Additional Information

• Meaning of Nai Talim: Nai Talim translates to "New Education" and is based on the principle of learning by doing, integrating academic knowledge with physical labor and practical skills.
• Role of Mahatma Gandhi: Gandhi advocated for an education system that aligned with Indian traditions, values, and the rural lifestyle, focusing on self-reliance and moral development.
• Key Features: The Wardha Scheme recommended free and compulsory education for children aged 7-14, with a curriculum centered on craft-based learning and character-building.
• Impact on Modern Education: The principles of Nai Talim influenced post-independence educational reforms, emphasizing vocational training and skill development in India's education policy.
• Criticism: While idealistic, the scheme faced challenges in implementation due to a lack of trained teachers, resources, and alignment with contemporary needs.

The correct answer is Lack of Indian representation.

Key Points

• The Simon Commission, formed in 1927, was an all-European body with no Indian members, which led to widespread resentment among Indians.
• It was tasked with reviewing the working of the Government of India Act, 1919, but Indians felt excluded from decisions about their own governance.
• Protests against the Commission began when it arrived in India in 1928, with slogans like "Simon Go Back" echoing across the country.
• Major leaders, including the Indian National Congress, boycotted the Commission, viewing it as a symbol of colonial arrogance and disregard for Indian aspirations.
• The lack of Indian representation in the Simon Commission highlighted the demand for greater self-governance and autonomy, fueling the freedom struggle further.

Additional Information

• Simon Commission
  • It was officially known as the Indian Statutory Commission, formed under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon.
  • The Commission was set up to evaluate the constitutional reforms introduced by the Government of India Act, 1919.
  • The absence of Indian members in the Commission was seen as a deliberate exclusion, sparking national outrage.
• Lala Lajpat Rai's Protest
  • During a protest in Lahore against the Simon Commission, Lala Lajpat Rai was brutally lathi-charged by the police.
  • He succumbed to his injuries later, becoming a martyr for the Indian independence movement.
• Government of India Act, 1919
  • This Act introduced dyarchy (dual governance) in the provinces, dividing subjects into "Reserved" and "Transferred" categories.
  • The dissatisfaction with its limited scope of reforms eventually led to demands for more substantive constitutional changes.
• Impact of the Protests
  • The protests against the Simon Commission marked a significant moment in India's fight for self-rule.
  • It united Indians across political and social lines, strengthening the push for complete independence.

The correct answer is Third.

Key Points

• The Third Round Table Conference was held in November–December 1932 in London.
• It was organized by the British Government to discuss constitutional reforms in India.
• The Indian National Congress did not attend the conference as it had boycotted the event following the arrest of key leaders during the Civil Disobedience Movement.
• Only a few Indian representatives, including B.R. Ambedkar and Tej Bahadur Sapru, participated in this conference.
• The outcome of the Third Round Table Conference was limited but it led to the eventual introduction of the Government of India Act, 1935.

Additional Information

• Round Table Conferences:
  • These were a series of three conferences held between 1930 and 1932 by the British Government to discuss constitutional reforms in India.
  • The First Round Table Conference was held in 1930 and was attended by representatives of various Indian communities except the Indian National Congress.
  • The Second Round Table Conference (1931) was marked by the participation of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress.
• Government of India Act, 1935:
  • This act was a direct result of the discussions held during the Round Table Conferences.
  • It introduced provincial autonomy and federal structure in British India.
  • The act laid the foundation for the establishment of a bicameral legislature in India.
• B.R. Ambedkar's Role:
  • Dr. B.R. Ambedkar played a significant role in representing the Depressed Classes during the Round Table Conferences.
  • He advocated for the rights and representation of marginalized communities in the political framework of India.
• Civil Disobedience Movement:
  • The movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930 against British rule, demanding complete independence (Purna Swaraj).
  • The movement's boycott of the conferences limited the scope and outcomes of the discussions.

The correct answer is the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Important Points

• The Salt March or Dandi March was started on 12th March 1930 from Sabarmati Ashram and reached Dandi on 6th April 1930.
• They covered 240 miles in 24 days.
• Gandhiji violated the salt law by making salt from seawater. 
• It is also known as the Salt Satyagraha or Civil Disobedience Movement.
• Lord Irwin was viceroy during the launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
• Sarojini Naidu was among the leaders who accompanied Mahatma Gandhi during the Dandi March

 Additional Information. Khilafat Movement (1919 AD-1922 AD):

• The Ali Brothers–Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali–launched an anti-British movement in 1919.
• The movement was for the restoration of the Khilafat Movement.
• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad also led the movement.
• It was supported by Mahatma Gandhi and INC.
• On October 17, 1919, ‘Khilafat Day’ was celebrated

Non-Co-operation Movement:

• The movement was launched formally on 1 August, 1920, by Gandhiji.
• He announced his plan to start Non-Cooperation with the government as a series to the Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and the Khilafat Movement.
• The main purpose of non-cooperation was moved by C.R. Das and approved by the Indian National Congress at the Nagpur session in December, 1920.
• The programs of the Non-Cooperation Movement were:
  • Surrender of titles and honorary positions.
  • Resignation of membership from the local bodies.
  • Boycott of elections included under the provisions of the 1919 Act.
  • Boycott of government functions.
  • Boycott of courts, government schools, and colleges.
  • Boycott of foreign goods.
  • Endowment of national schools, colleges, and private panchayat courts.
  • Popularizing swadeshi goods and khadi.​

The Quit India Movement

• Also known as the India August Movement or August Kranti.
• It was officially launched by the Indian National Congress (INC) led by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942.
• The movement gave the slogan Quit India’ or ‘Bharat Chodo’.
• Gandhi ji gave the slogan to the people – ‘Do or die’.
• In line with the Congress ideology, it was supposed to be a peaceful non-violent movement aimed at urging the British to grant India independence.
• The Quit India Resolution was passed by the Congress Working Committee on 8 August 1942 in Bombay. Gandhi ji was named the movement’s leader.

The correct answer is Subhas Chandra Bose.

Key Points: About Forward BlocK:

• All India Forward Bloc (AIFB) is a Left Wing Nationalist political party founded by Subhas Chandra Bose in West Bengal in 1939.
• Forward Bloc of the Indian National Congress (INC) was formed on May 3, 1939, by Subhas Chandra Bose.
• On the formation of this party Netaji said that who all were joining the Forward Bloc, they had to never turn their back to the Britisher's camp and must fill the oath form by cutting their Finger and signing it with their blood in the form.
• All India Conference of Forward Bloc held in Nagpur 1940. 
• The conference passed a resolution titled "All Power to the Indian People", urging militant action for the struggle against the East India Company.

Key Points

• About Subhas Chandra Bose:
  • He was born on 23rd January 1897 in Cuttack, Odisha.
  • Subhas Chandra Bose was an active leader of the Indian National Congress.
  • After splitting from Congress, he made an Azad Hind Fauj in Singapore in 1943 to fight against the British.
  • In the year 1923, Subhas Chandra Bose was elected the President of All India Youth Congress and also the Secretary of Bengal State Congress.
  • He was also worked as the Editor of the Newspaper 'Forward', founded by Chittaranjan Das (Deshbandhu).

Additional Information

Image of the Forward Bloc:

Notes:

• Subhas Chandra Bose was earned the title of "Netaji" in Germany by the Indian soldiers of the Azad Hind Fauj.

The correct answer is Civil Disobedience.

Key Points

• The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was associated with the civil disobedience movement of India.
  • The agreement was signed by Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin.
  • The pact was signed on 5^th March 1931.
  • Arranged before the second round table conference in London.
  • As per Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji discontinued the Civil Disobedience movement and agreed to attend the second round table conference.
• Proposed conditions of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact are:
  1. Participation by the Indian National Congress in the Second Round Table Conference.
  2. Removal of the tax on salt.
  3. Withdrawal of all ordinances imposing curbs on the activities of the Indian National Congress issued by the Government of India.
  4. Discontinuation of Salt March.
• Non-Co-operation movement was the first mass political movement led by Gandhiji.
  • Started in 1920.
  • Main goal: The attainment of Swaraj.
• Rowlatt Act was passed on 6^th February 1919.
  • Gandhiji called this act as 'The Black Act'.
  • Lord Chelmsford was the British viceroy during the Rowlatt Act.
• Quit India resolution was passed on 8^th August 1942.
  • The failure of the Crips mission was the immediate cause of the Quit India movement.
  • "Quit India" was the famous slogan raised during this movement.

The correct answer is 1, 3 and 4.

Key Points

• The Government of India Act 1919 was an act of the British Parliament that sought to increase the participation of Indians in the administration of their country.
• The act was based on the recommendations of a report by Edwin Montagu, the then Secretary of State for India, and Lord Chelmsford, India’s Viceroy between 1916 and 1921.
• Hence the constitutional reforms set forth by this act are known as Montagu-Chelmsford reforms or Montford reforms.

Features of the Act:

• It relaxed the central control over the provinces by demarcating and separating the central and provincial subjects.
• The central and provincial legislatures were authorized to make laws on their respective list of subjects. However, the structure of government continued to be centralized and unitary.
• It further divided the provincial subjects into two parts—transferred and reserved.
• The reserved subjects, on the other hand, were to be administered by the governor and his executive council without being responsible to the Legislative Council.
  • It included subjects such as law and order, finance, land revenue, irrigation, etc. Hence Option 3 is correct.
  • All important subjects were kept in the reserved subjects of the Provincial Executive.
• The transferred subjects were to be administered by the governor with the aid of ministers responsible to the Legislative Council.
  • It included subjects such as education, health, local government, industry, agriculture, excise, etc.
  • In case of failure of constitutional machinery in the province, the governor could take over the administration of transferred subjects also.
• The Act introduced a diarchy (rule of two individuals/parties) for the executive at the level of the provincial government.
• It introduced, for the first time, bicameralism and direct elections in the country.
  • Thus, the Indian Legislative Council was replaced by a bicameral legislature consisting of an Upper House (Council of State) and a Lower House (Legislative Assembly).
  • The majority of members of both the Houses were chosen by direct election.
• It required that three of the six members of the Viceroy’s Executive Council (other than the commander-in-chief) were to be Indian.
• It extended the principle of communal representation by providing separate electorates for Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, and Europeans.
• It granted franchises to a limited number of people on the basis of property, tax, or education.
• It created a new office of the High Commissioner for India in London and transferred to him some of the functions hitherto performed by the Secretary of State for India.
• It provided for the establishment of a public service commission. Hence, a Central Public Service Commission was set up in 1926 for recruiting civil servants.
• It separated, for the first time, provincial budgets from the Central budget and authorized the provincial legislatures to enact their budgets.
• It provided for the appointment of a statutory commission to inquire into and report on its working after ten years of its coming into force.

The correct answer is B. R Ambedkar.

Important Points

• Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar is considered the father of the Indian Constitution.
  • He was born into the Mahar caste.
  • He fought for the rights of the Dalit community.
  • Dr. Ambedkar was the first person from his caste who completed his college education and went to England to become a lawyer.
  • He was the chairman of the drafting committee.
  • The newspaper Mook Nayak was started by Ambedkar in the year 1920.
    • Mooknayak was published with the help of Shahu of Kolhapur
  • He participated in all 3 round table conferences held between 1930 and 1932.
  • He was honored with the  Bharat Ratna(posthumously) in 1990.
  • Notable works of Ambedkar are:
    • Riddles in Hinduism.
    • The Annihilation of Caste.
    • Pakistan or the Partition of India.
    • The Buddha and his Dhamma.
    • The Untouchables.

Additional Information

• Dadabhai Naoroji is the father of Indian economics.
  • The newspaper Rast Goftar was started by Dadabhai Naoroji.
  • The famous book 'poverty and unBritish rule in India' was written by Dadabhai Naoroji.
• Jyotiba Phule is the founder of Satyashodhak Samaj.
• Mahadeo Govind Ranade is the political guru of Gopala Krishna Gokhale.

The correct answer is 1922.Key Points

• Chauri Chaura incident:
  • On 5th February 1922, an angry mob set fire to the police station at Chauri Chaura (Gorakpur district, UP) and 22 policemen were burnt to death.
  • Due to this Gandhiji abruptly called off the Non-Cooperation Movement on 11 February 1922.

•  Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922):
  • Mahatma Gandhi announced his plan to begin Non-Cooperation with the government as a response to the Rowlatt Act, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and the Khilafat movement.
  • Programs:
    • Surrender of titles and honorary position
    • Resignation of membershi
    • Boycott of elections held undep from the local bodies the provisions of the 1919 Act
    • Boycott of government functions
    • Boycott of courts, government schools and colleges
    • Boycott foreign goods
    • Establishment of national schools, colleges and private panchayat courts
    • Popularising Swadeshi goods and Khadi

Additional Information

• Indian Freedom Struggle:

The correct answer is 1924.

Key Points

• Hindustan Republican Association was a revolutionary organization formed in 1924.
• It was formed by Ram Prasad Bismil and Sachindra Nath Sanyal.
• The main leaders of the Hindustan Republican Association are Chandra Shekar Azad, Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaq Ullah Khan, Thakur Roshan Singh, Roshan Singh, and Rajendra Lahiri.
• The constitution for the Hindustan Republican Association was drafted in 1923 at Allahabad.
• It was the first revolutionary movement at the national level against the British. 
• Kakori conspiracy is associated with the Hindustan Republican Association.
  • The British captured the leaders of the Hindustan Republican Association for involvement in the Kakori Conspiracy.
  • Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaq Ullah Khan, Roshan Singh, and Rajendra Lahiri were hanged in 1927.
  • Chandra Shekar Azad shot himself on 27th February 1931.
• Hindustan Republican Association was later renamed as Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.

The correct answer is the Government of Indian Act 1919.

Important Points

• Government of India Act, 1919, also known as the 1921 Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms. The Government of India Act 1919 was based on the recommendations of a report by Edwin Montagu, the then Secretary of State for India, and Lord Chelmsford.

Important features of this Act -

• The act promotes Indians came in direct contact with the administration for the first time. By adding Indian to the Governor-General’s Executive Council which was responsible to the Parliament.
• Government of India Act, 1919 set up a dyarchy in Provinces. Provincial subjects were divided into two parts - (a) reserved subjects and (b) transferred subjects.
• The Governor governed the reserved subjects with the advice of his Executive Council and the transferred subjects with the advice of the Indian Ministers.
• The franchise was increased and the communal electoral system was further expanded.
• Women were also given the right to vote.
• Provincial councils are now called Legislative Councils.
• Hence, option 2 is correct.

The correct answer is the Lahore ​Congress session, 1929.

Key Points

• Lahore Congress Session:
  • The Indian National Congress (INC), on 19 December 1929, passed the historic "Purna Swaraj resolution" at its Lahore session.
  • A Public Announcement was made on 26 January 1930 a day which the Congress Party selected for the Indians to celebrate as "Independence Day".
  • 26th January 1930 was declared as Purna Swaraj Diwas.
  • Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru presided over the Lahore Congress session. 
  • Jawaharlal Nehru hoisted the tricolor flag of India. 

Additional Information

the correct answer is Ram Prasad Bismil.

Important Points

• The Hindustan Republican Association was a revolutionary organization formed by Ram Prasad Bismil.
• Hindustan Republican Association was formed to fight against British colonial rule in India and achieves independence for the country through an armed rebellion if necessary.
• It was the first revolutionary movement at the national level against the British. 
• The constitution for the Hindustan Republican Association was drafted in 1923 at Allahabad.
• Sachindra Nath Sanyal and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee were other prominent members of the party.
• Kakori Train Action Day is associated with the Hindustan Republican Association.
• Hindustan Republican Association was later renamed as Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.

Additional Information

• Ram Prasad Bismil was an Indian revolutionary who participated in the Mainpuri Conspiracy and the Kakori Conspiracy.
  • He was hanged by the British on 19 December 1927.
• Jatindranath Mukherjee was the principal leader of the Jugantar party(central association of revolutionary independence activists in Bengal).
• Surya Sen was a Bengali revolutionary who was best known for leading the 1930 Chittagong armoury raid.
• Lala Lajpat Rai was an Indian independence activist who was best known for his peaceful protest march against the all-British Simon Commission.
  • He is popularly known as Punjab Kesari.