Geography MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Geography - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Himachal Pradesh.

Key Points

• The famous volcano goddess temple is located in the Kangra district.
• The temple is dedicated to Goddess Jwala Ji, also known as Jwalamukhi.
• Jwala Ji Temple is one of the 51 Shakti Peethas in India.
• The temple is renowned for its eternal flames that burn through fissures in the rock.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Swamp deer.

Key Points

• The Swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii), locally known as "Barasingha," is the state animal of Uttar Pradesh.
• This deer species is recognized for its distinctive antlers, which can have up to 12 tines (points), giving it the name "Barasingha" (meaning "twelve-horned").
• Swamp deer are primarily found in the Terai grasslands and swampy regions of Uttar Pradesh, particularly in areas like Dudhwa National Park.
• The species is classified as "Vulnerable" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to habitat destruction and poaching.
• Conservation efforts in Uttar Pradesh, such as habitat restoration and anti-poaching measures, have been instrumental in stabilizing the population of Swamp deer in the region.

Additional Information

• Habitat and Behavior:
  • Swamp deer are typically found in wetlands, swamps, and grasslands.
  • They are herbivores and primarily feed on grasses, aquatic plants, and leaves.
• Threats:
  • Major threats include habitat destruction due to agricultural expansion, human encroachment, and illegal poaching.
• Conservation Efforts:
  • Protected areas such as Dudhwa National Park in Uttar Pradesh play a crucial role in Swamp deer conservation.
  • The Government of India has implemented several wildlife protection acts to safeguard endangered species like the Swamp deer.
• Significance:
  • The Swamp deer is not just an ecological asset but also holds cultural importance in Uttar Pradesh, symbolizing the rich biodiversity of the state.

The Correct answer is China.

Key Points

• China was the world's most populous country in 2018.
• According to recent estimates, China has a population exceeding 1.4 billion people.
• The country has maintained this status for several decades due to its large land area and high population density.
• China's One-Child Policy was implemented in 1979 to control the population growth but was relaxed in recent years.
• The major cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou are some of the most densely populated urban areas in the world.
• China's large population has significant implications on its economy, environment, and global influence.

Important Points

• According to the United Nations, in 2022, India overtook China as the country with the largest population in the world, with more than 1.43 billion people.
• China now has the second-largest population in the world, still with just above 1.4 billion inhabitants, however its population went into decline in 2023.

 Additional Information

• India
  • India is the most populous country in the world in 2024.
  • It has a population of over 1.43 billion people.
  • India's population is expected to surpass China's in the coming decades.
  • The major cities include New Delhi, Mumbai, and Bangalore.
• Russia
  • Russia is the largest country in the world by land area.
  • However, it has a relatively small population of around 146 million people.
  • It spans across both Europe and Asia.
• United States
  • The United States is the third most populous country in the world.
  • It has a population of over 331 million people.
  • Major cities include New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago.

The correct answer is: Huntington.

The book 'Mainsprings of Civilization' was written by Ellsworth Huntington, an American geographer known for his work on environmental determinism and the influence of climate on civilization.

Key Points

• Author:
  • Ellsworth Huntington was a leading proponent of environmental determinism in the early 20th century.
• Book Theme:
  • 'Mainsprings of Civilization' explores how climate, geography, and environment influence human societies and cultural progress.
• Significance:
  • It attempted to establish a scientific link between environment and the historical development of civilizations.

Additional Information

• Other Works by Huntington:
  • 'The Pulse of Asia'
  • 'Civilization and Climate'
• Criticism:
  • Huntington’s theories faced criticism for overemphasizing environmental factors and underestimating human agency.
• Relevance Today:
  • Although outdated, his ideas laid the groundwork for later discussions on environmental influences in human geography.

The correct answer is Finland.

Key Points

• Finland:
  • Finland is often called the "Land of a Thousand Lakes" due to its over 180,000 lakes.
  • The presence of these many lakes is a result of glaciation during the last Ice Age.
  • The retreating glaciers left behind a landscape filled with lakes and depressions.
  • The largest lake, Lake Saimaa, is the fourth largest in Europe, emphasizing the significance of lakes in Finland's geography.

Additional Information

​The boundary line between India and Pakistan is Radcliffe Line.

A border line is a dividing line that marks the territorial limits between two countries. Our country India shares land borders with seven countries including Bhutan, Bangladesh, China, Afghanistan, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan and maritime borders with Sri Lanka, Maldives and Indonesia. It has 15,106.7 kilometres of land border and a coastline of 7,516 kilometres including its island territories.

Key Points

Radcliffe Line:

• Radcliffe Line divided British India into India and Pakistan.
• It is named after the architect of this line, Sir Cyril Radcliffe, who was also the chairman of the Boundary Commissions.
• The Radcliffe Line was drawn between West Pakistan (now Pakistan) and India on the western side and between India and East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) on the eastern side of the subcontinent.

Additional Information

McMahon Line: 

• Named after the British Indian Army officer Lieutenant Colonel Sir Arthur Henry McMahon, who was also an administrator in British India, the McMahon line is a demarcation that separates Tibet and the north-east India. Colonel McMahon had proposed this line as the boundary between Tibet, China, and India at the Shimla Convention of 1914.

Durand Line:

• Boundary line between India and Afghanistan demarcated by Sir Mortimer Durand, a British diplomat in the year 1896 is known as the Durand Line.
• It separated British India and Afghanistan. After partition, Pakistan inherited this line.
• However, a short section of the Afghanistan border is shared with the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.

Line of Actual Control (LAC):

• Line of Actual Control is the demarcation line between India and China which separates the India controlled territory from the China-controlled territory in the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. 

Line of Control (LOC):

• The military controlled line between India and Pakistan in the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir is named as the Line of Control (LOC). It was originally known as the Ceasefire Line. 

​

The correct answer is 35.

Key Points

• The average salinity of seawater is about 35 grams per kilogram (g/kg) of seawater, or 35 ppt.
• Seawater generally ranges from 33 ppt to 38 ppt. Freshwater lakes, rivers, and streams contain some dissolved matter—1 ppt or less.
• Brackish water is a mixture of fresh water and seawater, below approximately 33 ppt.
• Hypersaline water, or brine, is very salty seawater, above approximately 38 ppt.

Additional Information

• Salinity, which is measured in parts per thousand (ppt), is the amount of salt in grams per kilogram of saltwater.
  • The number of parts, or grams, of salt there are per thousand parts, or kilogram (1,000 g), of seawater is known as parts per thousand.
  • The term "parts per thousand" (ppt) is frequently used. 
  • Both temperature and salinity affect density.
  • A hydrometer can be used to determine the density of a liquid by measuring the level at which the hydrometer floats in it.

Thus, the correct matching is, a - iv, b - iii, c - i, d - ii

Electoral behavior in India:

• Electoral behavior is also known as voting behavior
• It determines by various socio-economic and political factors
• The behavior of voters in the contest of election is known as electoral behavior
• According to Gordon Marshall, “ The study of voting behavior invariably focuses on the determinants of why people vote as they do and how they arrive at the decisions they make.”

• The determinants of electoral behavior can be categorized into two,

• Socio-economic factors	Political factors
  Caste Religion Language Regionalism Age-sex Family influence Economic condition at the time of election Education of the voter The economic condition of the voter etc.	The personality of the leader Money Political ideology Performance of the ruling party Personal and emotional association with the party Political events Election campaign Candidate orientation etc.

Important Points

Some important electoral behaviour:

Caste: 

• It is an important factor in Indian politics.
• Caste was actually born with the profession of one's family.
• The caste of the politician and the caste of the voter determines the voting behavior.

Religion and language: 

• Religious sentiments also influence the electoral behavior in India

• Linguistic feelings is also an important factor and it influenced by regionalism and sub-regionalism to a large extent  

Money power: Economic condition of the voter can exchange ‘votes for notes’ 

The correct answer is Rural Urban Continuum.
Important Points

Louis Wirth is best known for his work in urban sociology and his concept of "Urbanism as a Way of Life," in which he explores the effects of urban living on individuals and communities. However, of the options you've given, Wirth is most closely associated with the concept of the Rural-Urban Continuum.

• Louis Wirth defined a city to have defining characteristics that included a large population, size, a heterogeneous nature, and a defined boundary.
• A city is identified by businesses, population, and a unique cultural landscape.
• Urban locations include non-rural areas like a city and the surrounding suburbs.
• Major characteristics of cities include having downtown areas, buildings, highways, and other transportation networks.
• Businesses, a large population, and a unique cultural landscape identify a city, whereas urban locations include non-rural areas like the city and suburbs.
• Common characteristics of significant cities include having a downtown area, large buildings, and a highway and transportation network.

The correct answer is Brazil and Indonesia.
Key Points

• According to the Food and Agriculture Organization's Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015, Brazil and Indonesia were the leading countries in terms of forest depletion between 1990 to 2015.
• The report indicated that the two countries accounted for around 40% of the total global forest loss during that period.

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations conducts a periodic assessment of the state of the world's forests.

• According to the FAO's Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015, Brazil and Indonesia were among the leading countries in terms of forest depletion between 1990 and 2015.
• Brazil lost a total of 7.7 million hectares of forest during this period, while Indonesia lost 6.2 million hectares.
• These countries have experienced significant deforestation due to a range of factors, including expansion of agriculture, logging, and mining activities.
• Deforestation is a major environmental issue as it can lead to the loss of biodiversity, soil degradation, and other negative impacts.
• It can also contribute to climate change by releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC):

Key Points

History:

• The idea was first raised by Ziaur Rahman, President of Bangladesh in November 1980.
• Their first meeting was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka in April 1981.
• The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established with the signing of the SAARC Charter in Dhaka on 8 December 1985.
• The Secretariat of SAARC is located in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Member Countries:

• At that time there were 8 member countries, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Sri Lanka
• Afghanistan joined SAARC in 2007.
• Myanmar has stated it would like to become a full member of the SAARC

• There are currently nine Observers to SAARC. Russia and Turkey are applied to become observers of SAARC

• Member Countries	Observer Countries
  Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Sri Lanka	1.Australia 2.China 3.The European Union 4.Iran 5.Japan 6.The Republic of Korea 7.Mauritius 8.Myanmar 9.The United States of America

SAARC in short:

• Present Secretary-General of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) H.E. Esala Ruwan Weerakoon of Sri Lanka appointed on 01 March 2020.
• The Secretariat of the Association was set up in Kathmandu on 17 January 1987

SAARC specialized bodies are

1. SAARC Development Fund (SDF)
2. South Asian University
3. South Asian Regional Standards Organization (SARSO) has its Secretariat in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
4. SAARC Arbitration Council

The correct answer is Yi-Fu-Tuan 
Important Points

• Humanistic geography is an approach to geography that emphasizes the human dimension, and it involves an interpretive, qualitative methodology.
• Among the scholars listed, Yi-Fu Tuan is particularly well-known for his work in this area.
• Tuan is a prominent geographer who has contributed significantly to the development of humanistic geography, particularly through his explorations of concepts like space, place, and landscape from a human-centric perspective.

So, the correct answer is:

Yi-Fu Tuan
Additional InformationYi-Fu Tuan, born in 1930 in China, is widely recognized as one of the founding figures of humanistic geography.

• After moving to the United States, he studied geography, anthropology, and philosophy, and he went on to teach at several universities.
• His interdisciplinary background greatly influenced his approach to geography.

Tuan is known for his contributions to the understanding of human geography, particularly in the areas of environmental perception and human spatial behavior.

• His work emphasizes the importance of personal perception and the subjective, emotional aspects of geographic space.
• He has developed and expanded on several key concepts in humanistic geography, such as "topophilia" (the affective bond between people and place) and "sense of place" (the unique, personal, and emotional attachment people have to a place).
• He has written numerous influential books, including "Space and Place:
• The Perspective of Experience," "Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes, and Values," and "Landscapes of Fear."
• These works explore various aspects of the human experience of space and place, and they have helped to define the field of humanistic geography.

So, while there are many scholars who have contributed to humanistic geography, Yi-Fu Tuan's work is particularly important and influential in this field.

• His ideas have been widely adopted and developed by other scholars, and his writings continue to be a major source of inspiration for research in humanistic geography.

Census of India defined the urban regions in two ways, census town, and statutory town.

Key Points

The definition of 'census towns' formulated by the Census of India:

All other places which satisfied the following criteria:

1. A minimum population of 5,000;
2. At least 75 percent of the male main working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits; and
3. A density of population of at least 400 persons per sq. km. 

It is known as Census Town. These were identified on the basis of Census 2001 data. 

Hence, b) and c) are correct.

Important Points

Statutory Towns:

•  These towns are notified under the law by the concerned State/UT Government and have local bodies like municipal corporations, municipalities, municipal committees, etc., irrespective of their demographic characteristics as reckoned on 31st December 2009.
• Examples: Vadodara (M Corp.), Shimla (M Corp.), etc.
• All places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee, etc.

The correct option is: A - III, B - IV, C - I, D - II.Important Points