Computer Fundamentals or Terminologies MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Computer Fundamentals or Terminologies - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Pipelining.

Key Points

• Pipelining is a technique used in modern CPUs to execute multiple instructions simultaneously by dividing them into stages.
• Each stage of the pipeline performs a specific operation (e.g., fetch, decode, execute, etc.) to process instructions concurrently.
• Pipelining improves the instruction throughput, allowing the CPU to complete more instructions per unit time.
• The technique is widely used in RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architectures for enhanced performance.
• Pipeline efficiency depends on factors like branch prediction, data hazards, and instruction dependencies.

Additional Information

• Clock Synchronization:
  • Ensures all parts of a CPU operate in sync with the system clock.
  • It does not execute multiple instructions simultaneously but coordinates timing between processes.
• Sequential Execution:
  • A traditional processing method where instructions are executed one after the other.
  • This method contrasts with parallel execution techniques like pipelining.
• Hazards in Pipelining:
  • Data Hazards: Occur when instructions depend on the results of previous ones.
  • Control Hazards: Arise due to branch instructions affecting the flow of execution.
  • Structural Hazards: Result from resource conflicts within the pipeline.
• Parallel Processing vs Pipelining:
  • Parallel processing uses multiple processors to execute tasks simultaneously.
  • Pipelining divides a single processor's tasks into stages for concurrent execution.

The correct answer is To define a standardised set of codes for representing text and control characters.

Key Points

• ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is a character encoding standard used to represent text in computers, telecommunications, and other devices.
• Developed in the 1960s, ASCII assigns a unique numerical value (0-127) to letters, digits, punctuation marks, and control characters.
• It enables universal data exchange between different types of devices and software by standardizing text representation.
• The ASCII standard includes 128 characters, with codes 0-31 reserved for control characters (e.g., newline, tab) and codes 32-127 for printable characters.
• ASCII remains the foundation for many modern encoding systems, including UTF-8 and Unicode, which build upon it for broader character support.

Additional Information

• Character Encoding: Character encoding is the process of assigning a numerical value to each character, enabling computers to store and manipulate text.
• Control Characters: ASCII codes 0-31 are reserved for non-printable control characters, such as newline (code 10) and tab (code 9).
• Extended ASCII: Extended ASCII expands the standard 128 characters to include 256 characters, incorporating additional symbols, accents, and graphical elements.
• Unicode: Unicode is a universal character encoding system that supports over 140,000 characters across multiple languages and scripts, building upon ASCII for broader compatibility.
• Usage in Computing: ASCII codes are widely used in programming, data transfer, and storage to ensure compatibility across systems.

The correct answer is Execute instructions and process data.

Key Points

• The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the primary component of a computer system responsible for executing instructions provided by software programs.
• It performs the essential task of processing data, which includes arithmetic operations, logic operations, control functions, and input/output operations.
• The CPU consists of three key components: the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), and registers, which help in executing instructions efficiently.
• The CPU operates based on the fetch-decode-execute cycle, where it retrieves instructions from memory, decodes them, and performs the required operations.
• Modern CPUs are equipped with multiple cores, enabling parallel processing and significantly improving performance for multitasking and complex computations.

Additional Information

• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):
  • The ALU is a fundamental part of the CPU responsible for performing arithmetic operations (e.g., addition, subtraction) and logical operations (e.g., comparisons).
  • It acts as the computational powerhouse of the CPU.
• Control Unit (CU):
  • The CU directs the operation of the processor by interpreting instructions and ensuring that data flows correctly between the CPU and other components.
  • It coordinates the fetch-decode-execute cycle.
• Registers:
  • Registers are small, high-speed storage areas within the CPU that temporarily store data and instructions during processing.
  • They facilitate quick access to frequently used data.
• Clock Speed:
  • Clock speed, measured in GHz (gigahertz), represents the number of cycles a CPU can perform per second.
  • Higher clock speeds generally result in faster processing but are also influenced by the CPU architecture and core count.
• Multi-Core Processors:
  • Modern CPUs often include multiple cores, enabling them to perform multiple tasks simultaneously.
  • Multi-core processors enhance performance in applications that support parallel computing, such as video editing and gaming.

The correct answer is 3.

Key Points

• Pixels (on a computer screen and television screen) are formed by a triplet: red, green, and blue.
• They can be different intensities of these colors in increments of 1 from 0 to 255 (RGB scale), and thus you can get whatever color you want.
• Every subpixel (red, green, and blue) can have different levels of brightness.
• Usually from 0 to 255 (on a computer screen) (8 bits per channel), but many computer screens can show you only 6 bits of color per channel.
• Good professional (for visual professionals) Computer screens can show up to 16 bits per channel (but usually only 10 or 12 bits are directly addressable; the full range is used for calibrating these 10 or 12 bits).
• Mixing the intensities of the three sub-pixels gives you all the possible colors.

The correct answer is option 4, i.e. ZIP.

Key Points:

The correct answer is Second.

Key Points

• Second-generation computers were based on Transistors instead of vacuum tubes.
• 1959-1965 is the period of second-generation computers.

Additional Information

• List of generations of computers:

The correct answer is From.

Key Points

• Email is a digital message from an author to one or more recipients.
• The email was first introduced by Ray Tomilson.
• When you send an email, you need to select the email address that will receive it.
  • The To line of an email contains its primary recipient or recipients.
  • All recipients in the To line are visible to all other recipients, possibly by default.
• When you send an email your email address contains in from the field.
  • It must list the email address, and one can add a name as well.
  • Users can also include a name to appear alongside their email address by updating the Personal Information settings.

Additional Information

• Bcc and Cc are two different ways of sending copies of an email to additional people. 
• Cc stands for “carbon copy," 
  • When you Cc people on an email, the Cc list is visible to all other recipients.
  • Cc is useful when you want someone else to receive a copy of an email, but they aren’t one of the primary recipients.
• Bcc stands for “blind carbon copy.
  • Only the sender can see the list of BCC recipients.
  • Bcc is useful when you want someone else to receive an email, but you don’t want the primary recipients of the email to see you’ve sent this other person a copy

The correct answer is 1 trillion.

Key Points

• A Terabyte (TB) is a measure of computer storage capacity that is approximately 2 to the 40th power, or 10 to the 12th power, which equals approximately a trillion bytes.
• A Terabyte is more precisely defined as 1,024 gigabytes (GB), while a petabyte consists of 1,024 TB.

Additional Information

• A tbyte, terabyte, or TB, is equal to 1,099,511,627,776 (2⁴⁰) bytes.
• However, the IEC defines a TB as equal to 1,000,000,000,000 (10¹²) bytes.
• 1024 TB = 1 petabyte.
• 1 TB = 1024 gigabytes.
• The terabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.
• The prefix term was defined for the International System of Units in 1960.

The correct answer is the CPU.

Key Points

• A peripheral device, also sometimes called an auxiliary device, is any connected device (internal or external) that provides a computer with additional functionality.
• Peripheral devices fall into three main categories:
  • Input devices, which send data to the computer.
  • Output devices, which receive data from the computer.
  • Input/output devices, such as storage devices.
• Examples:
  • Mouse
  • Keyboard
  • Webcam
  • Microphone
  • Monitor
  • Speakers
  • Projector
  • Printer
  • USB Flash Drive
  • External Hard Drive

Additional Information

• A keyboard is a primary input device that allows users to input text into the computer or any other electronic machinery.
• A monitor is an output device that displays a Video Display terminal or video display unit in the form of a document.
• A CPU stands for Central Processing Unit that is responsible for executing instructions which constitutes a computer program.
• Arithmetic and Logical unit reside inside it. 

Confusion Points CPU is not a peripheral device because a computer system can not work without a CPU.

The correct answer is Flowchart.

Key Points 

• A flowchart is a diagrammatic representation of program logic.
• A flowchart illustrates a solution model for a given problem.
• A pictorial representation of the algorithm is called a flowchart.
• It is a popular means for describing computer algorithms.
• It is mainly used in analyzing, designing, documenting, or managing a process or program in various fields.
• The first structured method for document process flow was introduced by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.

Additional Information 

• An algorithm expressed using a precise notation that can be executed by a computer is called a program.
• A program during execution is called Process.
• The collection of facts and figures are called data.

The Correct answer is CPU

Key Points

• ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Responsible for performing arithmetic and logical operations. While critical to a computer's function, it is just one part of the CPU.
• Memory: Refers to the storage space where data and instructions are kept. This includes RAM (Random Access Memory) and other forms of storage, but it is not considered the "brain" of the computer.
• CPU (Central Processing Unit): Often referred to as the "brain" of the computer, the CPU performs most of the processing inside a computer. It executes instructions from programs and controls the operation of other hardware components.
• Control Unit: A component of the CPU that directs operations and manages the execution of instructions. It is crucial but does not encompass all the functions of the CPU.

Thus, the correct answer is: 3) CPU

The correct option is (2)

ROM

Key Points

• The basic input/output system, or BIOS, is the software that a computer's microprocessor runs when it is turned on.
• The terms ROM BIOS, PC BIOS, and System BIOS are also used to refer to BIOS.
• When you turn on your computer, the first program that launches is BIOS, which runs a preliminary set of diagnostic checks (known as POSTs, or Power On Self-Tests) to check for hardware problems. The initial stage in your hardware's boot cycle is called POST.
• The basic input/output system (BIOS) of a computer is a firmware program that is kept in nonvolatile memory such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash memory.

Additional InformationRAM:- One of the key factors affecting the performance of your system is computer random access memory (RAM). RAM provides apps with a place to temporarily store and access data. It saves the data that your computer is now utilizing so that it can be readily accessible.

LAN:- A group of devices connected to one another in a single physical location, such as a building, office, or home, is known as a local area network (LAN).

WAN:- The technology that links your offices, data centers, cloud apps, and cloud storage is known as a wide-area network (WAN). It is known as a wide-area network because it includes numerous locations distributed across a particular geographic area, or perhaps the entire world, rather than just a single building or huge campus.

The correct answer is option 4, i.e. ZIP.

Key Points

• File compression is an important part of the digital workspace. ZIP files use compression to send more data at faster speeds than has ever been possible. This is why ZIP files are such a popular tool for businesses all across the world. But what exactly is a ZIP file?
• ZIP is a common file format that’s used to compress one or more files together into a single location.
• This reduces file size and makes it easier to transport or store. A recipient can unzip (or extract) a ZIP file after transport and use the file in the original format.  

Additional Information 

The correct answer is the output process.

Key Points

• The process of taking stored results out of the physical memory of Computers is known as the output process.
• It is how a computer presents the results of the process.
• Outputs are returned to the user in many ways such as text on a screen, printed materials, or as sound from a speaker.
• The common output devices are monitors, printers and speakers.
• Output devices are indispensable but are not a part of the CPU.
• They are also called peripheral devices.

All of the above are basic operations of a computer